feat: HQ redesign

Both from the final review, and the first one overturns a call I got wrong.

The aria-hidden sweep that makes aria-modal true also swallowed the toasts.
ToastProvider renders inside the app root, and every modal-raised confirmation
is toasted *before* its dialog closes — "Saved …", "Deleted …", "Removed …" —
so each one was inserted into a hidden subtree and never announced. Un-hiding
a live region afterwards does not replay what it missed. The toast layer is
portalled to the body carrying the dialog-layer attribute, which exempts it
from the sweep, and sits above the dialog: a toast explaining why a dialog's
action failed is no use behind it.

EmptyState's action was narrower than the call site it replaced. The old
first-workflow button carried loading={isPending}; the new one carried
nothing, so a double click created two workflows. The action is a union now —
a link takes no pending state, a handler takes loading and disabled.

adminsite/app/(customer)/billing/page.tsx

@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ import { NotConnectedPanel } from "@/components/NotConnected";
 import { PageFrame, RailCard, RailFacts } from "@/components/PageFrame";
 import { PageHeader } from "@/components/PageHeader";
 import { ManageBillingButton } from "@/components/ManageBillingButton";
-import { formatDate } from "@/lib/format";
+import { TermSpark } from "@/components/TermBar";
+import { formatDate, licenceState } from "@/lib/format";
 
 export default function BillingPage() {
     const subs = useQuery({ queryKey: ["subscriptions"], queryFn: api.subscriptions });
@@ -22,6 +23,21 @@ export default function BillingPage() {
     // difference between "professional · annual" and knowing which install that is.
     const nameFor = (instanceId?: string) => account.data?.instances.find((i) => i.instance_id === instanceId)?.name;
 
+    /*
+     * A subscription reports when the period ends but not when it began, so the
+     * start is derived from the term. Only the two terms we actually sell are
+     * handled — anything else returns null and the row falls back to the date
+     * alone, because a bar drawn from a guessed span is worse than no bar.
+     */
+    const periodStart = (end: string, term: string): string | null => {
+        const months = /ann|year/i.test(term) ? 12 : /month/i.test(term) ? 1 : 0;
+        if (!months) return null;
+        const d = new Date(end);
+        if (Number.isNaN(d.getTime())) return null;
+        d.setMonth(d.getMonth() - months);
+        return d.toISOString();
+    };
+
     return (
         <div className="grid gap-6">
             <PageHeader
@@ -71,15 +87,23 @@ export default function BillingPage() {
                                 </tr>
                             </thead>
                             <tbody>
-                                {rows.map((s) => (
-                                    <tr key={s.subscription_id} className="border-b border-rule-soft last:border-0">
-                                        <td className="px-4 py-3">{nameFor(s.instance_id) ?? <span className="text-ink-3">Not linked yet</span>}</td>
-                                        <td className="px-4 py-3">{s.tier.replace("_", " ")}</td>
-                                        <td className="px-4 py-3">{s.term}</td>
-                                        <td className="px-4 py-3">{s.status}</td>
-                                        <td className="px-4 py-3 font-mono tabular-nums">{formatDate(s.current_period_end)}</td>
-                                    </tr>
-                                ))}
+                                {rows.map((s) => {
+                                    const start = periodStart(s.current_period_end, s.term);
+                                    return (
+                                        <tr key={s.subscription_id} className="border-b border-rule-soft last:border-0">
+                                            <td className="px-4 py-3">{nameFor(s.instance_id) ?? <span className="text-ink-3">Not linked yet</span>}</td>
+                                            <td className="px-4 py-3">{s.tier.replace("_", " ")}</td>
+                                            <td className="px-4 py-3">{s.term}</td>
+                                            <td className="px-4 py-3">{s.status}</td>
+                                            <td className="px-4 py-3">
+                                                <div className="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-x-3 gap-y-1">
+                                                    {start && <TermSpark issuedAt={start} expiresAt={s.current_period_end} state={licenceState(s.current_period_end, true)} />}
+                                                    <span className="font-mono text-[0.78rem] tabular-nums text-ink-2">{formatDate(s.current_period_end)}</span>
+                                                </div>
+                                            </td>
+                                        </tr>
+                                    );
+                                })}
                             </tbody>
                         </table>
                     </div>

adminsite/app/(customer)/instances/[id]/page.tsx

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import { LicenceDelivery } from "@/components/LicenceDelivery";
 import { MembersPanel } from "@/components/MembersPanel";
 import { RelinkPanel } from "@/components/RelinkPanel";
 import { StatePill } from "@/components/StatePill";
+import { TermBar } from "@/components/TermBar";
 import { PageFrame, RailCard, RailFacts } from "@/components/PageFrame";
 import { PageHeader } from "@/components/PageHeader";
 import { formatDate, licenceState, limitLabel } from "@/lib/format";
@@ -136,6 +137,35 @@ export default function InstancePage() {
                     </>
                 }
             >
+                {/*
+                 * The term leads. This screen is about one licence, and the rail
+                 * already carried its issue and expiry dates as two lines of
+                 * text — which is the arithmetic this bar does for the reader.
+                 */}
+                {lic && (
+                    <section className="grid gap-3 rounded border border-rule bg-panel p-5">
+                        <div className="flex flex-wrap items-baseline justify-between gap-3">
+                            <h2 className="text-[0.95rem] font-bold">Licence</h2>
+                            <span className="font-mono text-[0.64rem] uppercase tracking-[0.14em] text-ink-3">
+                                {lic.tier.replace("_", " ")} · {cloud ? "Cloud" : "Self-hosted"}
+                            </span>
+                        </div>
+
+                        <TermBar issuedAt={lic.issued_at} expiresAt={lic.expires_at} state={state} />
+
+                        {state === "warn" && (
+                            <p className="rounded border border-rule border-l-[3px] border-l-warn bg-panel-2 px-3.5 py-2.5 text-[0.84rem] text-ink-2">
+                                Renewing extends the term from the current expiry, not from today, so nothing is lost by renewing early.
+                            </p>
+                        )}
+                        {state === "expired" && (
+                            <p className="rounded border border-rule border-l-[3px] border-l-expired bg-panel-2 px-3.5 py-2.5 text-[0.84rem] text-ink-2">
+                                Servers and monitors keep running and your agents keep their keys. Changes are disabled until this is renewed.
+                            </p>
+                        )}
+                    </section>
+                )}
+
                 {cloud ? (
                     <MembersPanel instanceId={instance.instance_id} />
                 ) : (

adminsite/app/(customer)/page.tsx

@@ -34,21 +34,55 @@ export default function OverviewPage() {
 
     const live = data.instances.filter((i) => i.status !== "deleted");
 
-    // Work the customer has to do, gathered across every instance. This is the
-    // only account-level view of it each record only knows about itself.
+    /*
+     * Work the customer has to do, gathered across every instance. This is the
+     * only account-level view of it — each record only knows about itself.
+     *
+     * Each item carries the way out of it. It used to be a list of sentences in
+     * the rail, which told someone their licence was expiring and then made
+     * them go and find the instance that owned it; the fix for every one of
+     * these is one click, so the click belongs on the row.
+     */
     const attention = live.flatMap((i) => {
         const lic = byInstance.get(i.instance_id);
         const state = licenceState(lic?.expires_at, Boolean(lic));
-        if (state === "none") return [{ id: i.instance_id, text: `${i.name || "An instance"} is not linked`, note: "" }];
-        if (state === "expired") return [{ id: i.instance_id, text: `${i.name} has expired`, note: "now" }];
-        if (state === "warn")
+        const name = i.name || "An instance";
+
+        if (state === "none")
             return [
                 {
                     id: i.instance_id,
-                    text: `${i.name} expires`,
-                    note: `${daysRemaining(lic!.expires_at)}d`,
+                    text: `${name} is waiting for an install ID`,
+                    note: "You have paid for this. Paste the UUID from the install to get your licence.",
+                    href: i.status === "awaiting_link" ? `/instances/link?claim=${i.instance_id}` : "/purchase",
+                    action: i.status === "awaiting_link" ? "Link install" : "Get a licence",
+                    tag: "",
                 },
             ];
+        if (state === "expired")
+            return [
+                {
+                    id: i.instance_id,
+                    text: `${name} has expired`,
+                    note: "Servers keep running and agents keep their keys, but changes are disabled until you renew.",
+                    href: `/instances/${i.instance_id}`,
+                    action: "Renew",
+                    tag: "now",
+                },
+            ];
+        if (state === "warn") {
+            const d = daysRemaining(lic!.expires_at);
+            return [
+                {
+                    id: i.instance_id,
+                    text: `${name} expires in ${d} ${d === 1 ? "day" : "days"}`,
+                    note: "Renewing extends the term from the current expiry, so nothing is lost by renewing early.",
+                    href: `/instances/${i.instance_id}`,
+                    action: "Renew",
+                    tag: `${d}d`,
+                },
+            ];
+        }
         return [];
     });
 
@@ -71,32 +105,43 @@ export default function OverviewPage() {
             />
 
             {live.length === 0 ? (
-                <div className="grid max-w-xl gap-3 rounded border border-rule bg-panel p-5">
-                    <h2 className="text-xl">No instances yet</h2>
-                    <p className="text-ink-2">
-                        Create a free cloud instance and we host it, with your licence applied automatically. Or run Vantage on your own server and get its licence free or paid from the purchase page.
-                    </p>
-                    <div className="flex flex-wrap gap-2.5">
-                        <LinkButton href="/purchase">Buy a plan</LinkButton>
+                /*
+                 * An empty screen is an invitation to act, and the two ways in
+                 * are genuinely different products — we host it, or you do. One
+                 * button and a paragraph explaining the other option made the
+                 * self-hosted path read as an afterthought, which it is not.
+                 */
+                <div className="grid gap-4 rounded border border-rule bg-panel p-6">
+                    <div className="grid gap-2">
+                        <h2 className="text-xl">No instances yet</h2>
+                        <p className="max-w-[52ch] text-ink-2">An instance is one Vantage control plane. Start a hosted one in about a minute, or license an install you run yourself.</p>
                     </div>
+
+                    <div className="grid gap-3 sm:grid-cols-2">
+                        <div className="grid content-start gap-2 rounded border border-rule p-4">
+                            <h3 className="text-[1.05rem]">Cloud</h3>
+                            <p className="text-[0.82rem] text-ink-2">We host it, on a subdomain of vantage.hostxtra.co.uk, with the licence applied for you.</p>
+                            <div className="pt-1">
+                                <LinkButton href="/purchase">Create a cloud instance</LinkButton>
+                            </div>
+                        </div>
+                        <div className="grid content-start gap-2 rounded border border-rule p-4">
+                            <h3 className="text-[1.05rem]">Self-hosted</h3>
+                            <p className="text-[0.82rem] text-ink-2">You host it. Get the licence here, then paste your install&rsquo;s ID to bind it.</p>
+                            <div className="pt-1">
+                                <LinkButton variant="line" href="/purchase">
+                                    License my own install
+                                </LinkButton>
+                            </div>
+                        </div>
+                    </div>
+
+                    <p className="text-[0.78rem] text-ink-3">The Free tier covers 5 servers and needs no card.</p>
                 </div>
             ) : (
                 <PageFrame
                     aside={
                         <>
-                            {attention.length > 0 && (
-                                <RailCard title="Needs you" count={attention.length}>
-                                    <ul className="grid gap-2">
-                                        {attention.map((a) => (
-                                            <li key={a.id} className="flex items-center justify-between gap-2.5 text-[0.82rem] text-ink-2">
-                                                <span>{a.text}</span>
-                                                {a.note && <span className="font-mono text-[0.64rem] uppercase tracking-[0.08em] text-warn">{a.note}</span>}
-                                            </li>
-                                        ))}
-                                    </ul>
-                                </RailCard>
-                            )}
-
                             <RailCard title="Your team" count={people.data?.length}>
                                 <ul className="grid gap-2">
                                     {(people.data ?? []).slice(0, 5).map((p) => (
@@ -147,6 +192,38 @@ export default function OverviewPage() {
                         </>
                     }
                 >
+                    {/*
+                     * First in the main column, not in the rail. This is the
+                     * reason the page is open; the rail is for things that are
+                     * merely true. It disappears entirely when there is nothing
+                     * in it rather than saying "all clear", which is a line
+                     * nobody needs to read twice a week.
+                     */}
+                    {attention.length > 0 && (
+                        <section className="grid overflow-hidden rounded border border-rule bg-panel">
+                            <div className="flex items-center justify-between gap-3 border-b border-rule-soft px-4 py-3">
+                                <h2 className="text-[0.95rem] font-bold">Needs you</h2>
+                                <span className="font-mono text-[0.64rem] uppercase tracking-[0.14em] text-ink-3">
+                                    {attention.length} {attention.length === 1 ? "item" : "items"}
+                                </span>
+                            </div>
+                            <ul className="grid">
+                                {attention.map((a) => (
+                                    <li key={a.id} className="flex flex-wrap items-center justify-between gap-3 border-b border-rule-soft px-4 py-3 last:border-b-0">
+                                        <div className="grid min-w-0 gap-0.5">
+                                            <span className="flex items-center gap-2 text-[0.9rem] font-semibold">
+                                                {a.text}
+                                                {a.tag && <span className="font-mono text-[0.62rem] uppercase tracking-[0.1em] text-warn">{a.tag}</span>}
+                                            </span>
+                                            <span className="text-[0.8rem] text-ink-3">{a.note}</span>
+                                        </div>
+                                        <LinkButton href={a.href}>{a.action}</LinkButton>
+                                    </li>
+                                ))}
+                            </ul>
+                        </section>
+                    )}
+
                     {live.map((i, n) => {
                         const lic = byInstance.get(i.instance_id);
                         const state = licenceState(lic?.expires_at, Boolean(lic));

adminsite/app/(customer)/users/InvitePanel.tsx

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ export function InvitePanel() {
     const [email, setEmail] = useState("");
     const [role, setRole] = useState<AccountRole>("member");
     const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+    const [confirming, setConfirming] = useState<string | null>(null);
 
     const users = useQuery({ queryKey: ["account-users"], queryFn: api.accountUsers });
     const refresh = () => qc.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: ["account-users"] });
@@ -46,8 +47,14 @@ export function InvitePanel() {
     });
     const remove = useMutation({
         mutationFn: (id: string) => api.removeAccountUser(id),
-        onSuccess: refresh,
-        onError: fail,
+        onSuccess: () => {
+            setConfirming(null);
+            refresh();
+        },
+        onError: (e) => {
+            setConfirming(null);
+            fail(e);
+        },
     });
 
     if (users.error instanceof NotConnected) return <NotConnectedPanel url={API_BASE} />;
@@ -175,22 +182,46 @@ export function InvitePanel() {
                                             : "Invitation pending"}
                                     </td>
                                     <td className="px-4 py-3 text-right">
-                                        {canManage && !isSelf && (
-                                            <button
-                                                type="button"
-                                                className="text-[0.82rem] font-semibold text-expired underline"
-                                                onClick={() => {
-                                                    if (
-                                                        confirm(
-                                                            `Remove ${u.email}? They lose access to every instance on this account.`,
-                                                        )
-                                                    )
-                                                        remove.mutate(u.user_id);
-                                                }}
-                                            >
-                                                Remove
-                                            </button>
-                                        )}
+                                        {canManage &&
+                                            !isSelf &&
+                                            /*
+                                             * Inline rather than window.confirm(): removing
+                                             * someone here revokes them from every instance
+                                             * on the account, which is more than the word
+                                             * "Remove" beside one row implies, and the
+                                             * browser dialog cannot show the consequence
+                                             * where the eye already is.
+                                             */
+                                            (confirming === u.user_id ? (
+                                                <span className="inline-flex flex-wrap items-center justify-end gap-2">
+                                                    <span className="text-[0.82rem] text-ink-2">
+                                                        Removes access to every instance.
+                                                    </span>
+                                                    <button
+                                                        type="button"
+                                                        className="text-[0.82rem] font-semibold text-expired underline disabled:opacity-50"
+                                                        disabled={remove.isPending}
+                                                        onClick={() => remove.mutate(u.user_id)}
+                                                    >
+                                                        {remove.isPending ? "Removing…" : "Remove"}
+                                                    </button>
+                                                    <button
+                                                        type="button"
+                                                        className="text-[0.82rem] text-ink-2 underline"
+                                                        onClick={() => setConfirming(null)}
+                                                    >
+                                                        Keep
+                                                    </button>
+                                                </span>
+                                            ) : (
+                                                <button
+                                                    type="button"
+                                                    className="text-[0.82rem] font-semibold text-expired underline"
+                                                    onClick={() => setConfirming(u.user_id)}
+                                                >
+                                                    Remove<span className="sr-only"> {u.email}</span>
+                                                </button>
+                                            ))}
                                     </td>
                                 </tr>
                             );

adminsite/app/(staff)/staff/instances/[id]/page.tsx

@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ import clsx from "clsx";
 import { api, type Deployment, type InjectionState } from "@/lib/api";
 import { Ledger } from "@/components/Ledger";
 import { PageHeader } from "@/components/PageHeader";
+import { TermBar } from "@/components/TermBar";
+import { licenceState } from "@/lib/format";
 import PlanConfigurator, { type PlanChoice } from "@/components/PlanConfigurator";
 import { IssuePanel } from "./IssuePanel";
 
@@ -32,6 +34,7 @@ export default function StaffInstancePage() {
     if (isLoading || !data) return <p className="text-ink-3">Loading…</p>;
 
     const inj = data.injection.state ? INJECTION[data.injection.state] : undefined;
+    const current = data.licenses.find((l) => !l.superseded_by);
 
     return (
         <div className="grid gap-8">
@@ -59,6 +62,21 @@ export default function StaffInstancePage() {
                 {data.injection.applicable && inj && <p className={clsx("font-mono text-[0.72rem]", inj.tone)}>{inj.label}</p>}
             </div>
 
+            {/*
+             * The live licence is the one nothing has superseded, which is the
+             * record's own statement of the fact — not its position in the
+             * array, which is the server's ordering and not a guarantee.
+             */}
+            {current && (
+                <section className="grid gap-3 rounded border border-rule bg-panel p-5">
+                    <div className="flex flex-wrap items-baseline justify-between gap-3">
+                        <h2 className="text-xl">Current licence</h2>
+                        <span className="font-mono text-[0.72rem] tabular-nums text-ink-3">{current.license_id}</span>
+                    </div>
+                    <TermBar issuedAt={current.issued_at} expiresAt={current.expires_at} state={licenceState(current.expires_at, true)} className="max-w-xl" />
+                </section>
+            )}
+
             <section className="grid gap-3 rounded border border-rule bg-panel p-5">
                 <h2 className="text-xl">Licence history</h2>
                 <Ledger licenses={data.licenses} />

adminsite/app/(staff)/staff/licenses/page.tsx

@@ -4,8 +4,9 @@ import { useQuery } from "@tanstack/react-query";
 import Link from "next/link";
 import { useState } from "react";
 import { api, type Tier } from "@/lib/api";
-import { formatDate } from "@/lib/format";
+import { formatDate, licenceState } from "@/lib/format";
 import { PageHeader } from "@/components/PageHeader";
+import { TermSpark } from "@/components/TermBar";
 
 export default function LicensesPage() {
     const [tier, setTier] = useState<"" | Tier>("");
@@ -60,6 +61,7 @@ export default function LicensesPage() {
                             <th className="px-4 py-2.5">Instance</th>
                             <th className="px-4 py-2.5">Tier</th>
                             <th className="px-4 py-2.5">Reason</th>
+                            <th className="px-4 py-2.5">Term</th>
                             <th className="px-4 py-2.5">Expires</th>
                             <th className="px-4 py-2.5">State</th>
                         </tr>
@@ -83,6 +85,17 @@ export default function LicensesPage() {
                                 </td>
                                 <td className="px-4 py-3">{l.tier.replace("_", " ")}</td>
                                 <td className="px-4 py-3">{l.reason.replace("_", " ")}</td>
+                                {/* A superseded row's term is not a countdown to
+                                    anything — it ended when its successor was
+                                    issued, so drawing a bar for it would invite
+                                    a comparison that means nothing. */}
+                                <td className="px-4 py-3">
+                                    {l.superseded_by ? (
+                                        <span className="font-mono text-[0.72rem] text-ink-3">superseded</span>
+                                    ) : (
+                                        <TermSpark issuedAt={l.issued_at} expiresAt={l.expires_at} state={licenceState(l.expires_at, true)} />
+                                    )}
+                                </td>
                                 <td className="px-4 py-3 font-mono tabular-nums">
                                     {formatDate(l.expires_at)}
                                 </td>

adminsite/app/accept-invite/page.tsx

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 "use client";
 
 import { useMutation } from "@tanstack/react-query";
-import Link from "next/link";
 import { useSearchParams } from "next/navigation";
 import { Suspense, useState } from "react";
 import { ApiError, api } from "@/lib/api";
 import { Button } from "@/components/Button";
 import { Field } from "@/components/Field";
+import { AuthMessage, AuthShell } from "@/components/AuthShell";
 
 function AcceptForm() {
     const token = useSearchParams().get("token") ?? "";
@@ -17,60 +17,65 @@ function AcceptForm() {
     const accept = useMutation({
         mutationFn: () => api.acceptInvite(token, password),
         onSuccess: () => setDone(true),
-        onError: (e) =>
-            setError(e instanceof ApiError ? e.message : "Something went wrong. Try again."),
+        onError: (e) => setError(e instanceof ApiError ? e.message : "Something went wrong. Try again."),
     });
 
-    if (!token) return <p className="text-ink-2">That link is missing its token.</p>;
+    if (!token)
+        return (
+            <AuthMessage
+                title="That link is incomplete"
+                body="It is missing its token. Use the link in the invitation exactly as sent — some mail clients cut long links in half."
+                action={{ href: "/login", label: "Go to sign in" }}
+            />
+        );
+
     if (done)
         return (
-            <div className="grid gap-3">
-                <h1 className="text-3xl">You&apos;re in</h1>
-                <p className="text-ink-2">Sign in with your email address and new password.</p>
-                <Link href="/login" className="font-semibold text-accent underline">
-                    Sign in
-                </Link>
-            </div>
+            <AuthMessage
+                title="You're in"
+                body="Sign in with your email address and the password you just set."
+                action={{ href: "/login", label: "Sign in" }}
+            />
         );
 
     return (
-        <form
-            className="grid max-w-md gap-4"
-            onSubmit={(e) => {
-                e.preventDefault();
-                setError(null);
-                accept.mutate();
-            }}
+        <AuthShell
+            title="Choose a password"
+            lede="You have been invited to a Vantage HQ account."
+            footnote="Nobody who invited you can see this password, and it is never sent to them."
         >
-            <h1 className="text-3xl">Choose a password</h1>
-            <p className="text-ink-2">
-                This password signs you into Vantage HQ and into every instance you are given
-                access to. Nobody who invited you can see it.
-            </p>
-            <Field
-                label="New password"
-                type="password"
-                autoComplete="new-password"
-                value={password}
-                onChange={(e) => setPassword(e.target.value)}
-                required
-                minLength={12}
-                hint="At least 12 characters."
-                error={error ?? undefined}
-            />
-            <Button type="submit" disabled={accept.isPending || password.length < 12}>
-                {accept.isPending ? "Setting…" : "Set password"}
-            </Button>
-        </form>
+            <form
+                className="grid gap-4"
+                onSubmit={(e) => {
+                    e.preventDefault();
+                    setError(null);
+                    accept.mutate();
+                }}
+            >
+                <p className="text-[0.86rem] text-ink-2">This password signs you into Vantage HQ and into every instance you are given access to.</p>
+                <Field
+                    label="New password"
+                    type="password"
+                    autoComplete="new-password"
+                    value={password}
+                    onChange={(e) => setPassword(e.target.value)}
+                    required
+                    minLength={12}
+                    hint="At least 12 characters."
+                    error={error ?? undefined}
+                />
+                <Button type="submit" disabled={accept.isPending || password.length < 12} className="w-full justify-center">
+                    {accept.isPending ? "Setting…" : "Set password and continue"}
+                </Button>
+            </form>
+        </AuthShell>
     );
 }
 
 export default function AcceptInvitePage() {
     return (
-        <main className="mx-auto max-w-rail px-5 py-16">
-            <Suspense fallback={<p className="text-ink-3">Loading…</p>}>
-                <AcceptForm />
-            </Suspense>
-        </main>
+        <Suspense fallback={<AuthShell title="Choose a password" lede="One moment." />}>
+            <AcceptForm />
+        </Suspense>
     );
 }

adminsite/app/login/page.tsx

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import { API_BASE, ApiError, NotConnected, api } from "@/lib/api";
 import { NotConnectedPanel } from "@/components/NotConnected";
 import { Button } from "@/components/Button";
 import { Field } from "@/components/Field";
+import { AuthShell } from "@/components/AuthShell";
 
 const SITE_URL = (process.env.NEXT_PUBLIC_SITE_URL ?? "").replace(/\/$/, "");
 
@@ -38,82 +39,56 @@ export default function LoginPage() {
 
     if (offline)
         return (
-            <Main>
+            <AuthShell title="Sign in">
                 <NotConnectedPanel url={API_BASE} />
-            </Main>
+            </AuthShell>
         );
 
     return (
-        <Main>
-            {/* The masthead's lockup, unlinked: there is nowhere to go yet. */}
-            <div className="mb-7 flex flex-col items-center gap-2 text-center">
-                <span className="flex items-baseline gap-2 text-[1.5rem] font-extrabold tracking-[-0.02em]">
-                    Vantage
-                    <span className="font-mono text-[0.78rem] font-normal uppercase tracking-[0.14em] text-ink-3">
-                        HQ
-                    </span>
-                </span>
-                <h1 className="text-[1.16rem]">Sign in</h1>
-                <p className="font-mono text-[0.72rem] uppercase tracking-[0.1em] text-ink-3">
-                    Licences · instances · billing
-                </p>
-            </div>
+        <AuthShell
+            title="Sign in"
+            lede="Licences, instances and billing for your account."
+            /*
+             * HQ and the Vantage console are separate sign-ins on separate
+             * hosts, and the two get confused — someone lands here with their
+             * console password and reads the generic failure as a broken
+             * account. Saying which door this is costs one line.
+             */
+            footnote="This is the portal for your licence and billing. Your servers are managed inside your Vantage instance, which signs in separately."
+        >
+            <form onSubmit={submit} className="grid gap-4">
+                <Field label="Email" type="email" autoComplete="username" required value={email} onChange={(e) => setEmail(e.target.value)} />
+                <Field
+                    label="Password"
+                    type="password"
+                    autoComplete="current-password"
+                    required
+                    value={password}
+                    onChange={(e) => setPassword(e.target.value)}
+                    error={error ?? undefined}
+                />
+                <label className="flex items-center gap-2 text-[0.82rem] text-ink-2">
+                    <input type="checkbox" checked={staff} onChange={(e) => setStaff(e.target.checked)} className="accent-[var(--accent)]" />
+                    I work at Vantage
+                </label>
+                <Button type="submit" disabled={busy} className="w-full justify-center">
+                    {busy ? "Signing in…" : "Sign in"}
+                </Button>
+            </form>
 
-            <div className="rounded border border-rule bg-panel p-6 shadow-[var(--shadow)]">
-                <form onSubmit={submit} className="grid gap-4">
-                    <Field
-                        label="Email"
-                        type="email"
-                        autoComplete="username"
-                        required
-                        value={email}
-                        onChange={(e) => setEmail(e.target.value)}
-                    />
-                    <Field
-                        label="Password"
-                        type="password"
-                        autoComplete="current-password"
-                        required
-                        value={password}
-                        onChange={(e) => setPassword(e.target.value)}
-                        error={error ?? undefined}
-                    />
-                    <label className="flex items-center gap-2 text-[0.82rem] text-ink-2">
-                        <input
-                            type="checkbox"
-                            checked={staff}
-                            onChange={(e) => setStaff(e.target.checked)}
-                            className="accent-[var(--accent)]"
-                        />
-                        I work at Vantage
-                    </label>
-                    <Button type="submit" disabled={busy} className="w-full justify-center">
-                        {busy ? "Signing in…" : "Sign in"}
-                    </Button>
-                </form>
+            {SITE_URL && (
+                <>
+                    <div className="h-px bg-rule-soft" />
 
-                {SITE_URL && (
-                    <>
-                        <div className="my-5 h-px bg-rule-soft" />
-
-                        {/* Signup lives on the marketing site's /start, not here. */}
-                        <p className="text-center text-[0.82rem] text-ink-3">
-                            No account?{" "}
-                            <a href={`${SITE_URL}/start`} className="text-accent underline">
-                                Create one
-                            </a>
-                        </p>
-                    </>
-                )}
-            </div>
-        </Main>
-    );
-}
-
-function Main({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) {
-    return (
-        <main className="mx-auto flex min-h-screen w-full max-w-[26rem] flex-col justify-center px-5 py-12">
-            {children}
-        </main>
+                    {/* Signup lives on the marketing site's /start, not here. */}
+                    <p className="text-center text-[0.82rem] text-ink-3">
+                        No account?{" "}
+                        <a href={`${SITE_URL}/start`} className="text-accent underline">
+                            Create one
+                        </a>
+                    </p>
+                </>
+            )}
+        </AuthShell>
     );
 }

adminsite/app/verify/page.tsx

@@ -2,9 +2,11 @@
 
 import { useQuery } from "@tanstack/react-query";
 import { useRouter, useSearchParams } from "next/navigation";
-import Link from "next/link";
 import { Suspense, useEffect } from "react";
 import { api } from "@/lib/api";
+import { AuthMessage, AuthShell } from "@/components/AuthShell";
+
+const SITE_URL = (process.env.NEXT_PUBLIC_SITE_URL ?? "").replace(/\/$/, "");
 
 function Verify() {
     const router = useRouter();
@@ -25,50 +27,59 @@ function Verify() {
             router.replace(`/accept-invite?token=${encodeURIComponent(token)}`);
         }
     }, [needsPassword, token, router]);
-    if (needsPassword) return <Message title="One moment…" body="Taking you to set a password." />;
+    if (needsPassword) return <AuthShell title="One moment…" lede="Taking you to set a password." />;
 
     if (!token)
         return (
-            <Message
+            <AuthMessage
                 title="That link is incomplete"
-                body="It is missing its token. Use the link in the email exactly as sent."
+                body="It is missing its token. Use the link in the email exactly as sent — some mail clients cut long links in half."
+                action={{ href: "/login", label: "Go to sign in" }}
             />
         );
-    if (isLoading) return <Message title="Verifying…" body="One moment." />;
+
+    if (isLoading) return <AuthShell title="Verifying…" lede="One moment." />;
+
     if (error || !data?.verified)
         return (
-            <Message
+            <AuthMessage
                 title="That link is invalid or has expired"
-                body="Links last 24 hours and can only be used once. Sign up again to get a fresh one."
+                body="Links last 24 hours and can only be used once. Signing in will send you a fresh one."
+                action={{ href: "/login", label: "Go to sign in" }}
             />
         );
 
     return (
-        <div className="grid max-w-xl gap-3">
-            <h1 className="text-3xl">Email verified</h1>
-            <p className="text-ink-2">Your account is ready.</p>
-            <Link href="/login" className="justify-self-start text-accent underline">
+        <AuthShell
+            title="Email verified"
+            lede="Your account is ready."
+            footnote={
+                SITE_URL ? (
+                    <>
+                        New to Vantage? The{" "}
+                        <a href={`${SITE_URL}/docs`} className="text-accent underline">
+                            getting started guide
+                        </a>{" "}
+                        walks through your first instance.
+                    </>
+                ) : undefined
+            }
+        >
+            <p className="text-[0.9rem] text-ink-2">Sign in to create your first instance. The Free tier covers 5 servers and needs no card.</p>
+            <a
+                href="/login"
+                className="inline-flex items-center justify-center gap-2 rounded border border-accent bg-accent px-3.5 py-2 text-[0.86rem] font-semibold text-accent-ink no-underline"
+            >
                 Sign in
-            </Link>
-        </div>
-    );
-}
-
-function Message({ title, body }: { title: string; body: string }) {
-    return (
-        <div className="grid max-w-xl gap-3">
-            <h1 className="text-3xl">{title}</h1>
-            <p className="text-ink-2">{body}</p>
-        </div>
+            </a>
+        </AuthShell>
     );
 }
 
 export default function VerifyPage() {
     return (
-        <main className="mx-auto max-w-rail px-5 py-12">
-            <Suspense fallback={null}>
-                <Verify />
-            </Suspense>
-        </main>
+        <Suspense fallback={<AuthShell title="Verifying…" lede="One moment." />}>
+            <Verify />
+        </Suspense>
     );
 }

adminsite/components/AuthShell.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+import Link from "next/link";
+
+/*
+ * The frame for every screen you can reach without a session: sign in, email
+ * verification, and accepting an invitation.
+ *
+ * These three had drifted into three different layouts. Sign in was a centred
+ * 26rem card with the lockup above it; verify and accept-invite were bare
+ * left-aligned text on the full 1200px rail, with no masthead, no panel and no
+ * brand anywhere on the page. Those two are the first screens a new customer
+ * ever sees — arriving from an email, on a domain they have not visited before
+ * — and they were the two that did not say whose product this is.
+ *
+ * There is no AppBar here on purpose: it carries navigation and an account
+ * menu, and none of it works without a session.
+ */
+export function AuthShell({
+    title,
+    lede,
+    children,
+    footnote,
+}: {
+    title: string;
+    lede?: React.ReactNode;
+    children?: React.ReactNode;
+    /** Sits outside the panel: orientation, not part of the task. */
+    footnote?: React.ReactNode;
+}) {
+    return (
+        <main className="mx-auto flex min-h-screen w-full max-w-[26rem] flex-col justify-center px-5 py-12">
+            {/* The masthead's lockup, unlinked: there is nowhere to go yet. */}
+            <div className="mb-7 flex flex-col items-center gap-2 text-center">
+                <span className="flex items-baseline gap-2 text-[1.5rem] font-extrabold tracking-[-0.02em]">
+                    Vantage
+                    <span className="font-mono text-[0.78rem] font-normal uppercase tracking-[0.14em] text-ink-3">HQ</span>
+                </span>
+                <h1 className="text-[1.16rem]">{title}</h1>
+                {lede && <p className="text-[0.86rem] text-ink-2">{lede}</p>}
+            </div>
+
+            {children && <div className="grid gap-4 rounded border border-rule bg-panel p-6 shadow-[var(--shadow)]">{children}</div>}
+
+            {footnote && <div className="mt-5 text-center text-[0.8rem] text-ink-3">{footnote}</div>}
+        </main>
+    );
+}
+
+/*
+ * A terminal state — verified, expired, already used, invalid. Always says what
+ * happened and what to do next: a dead end that only reports the failure leaves
+ * someone holding an email they cannot act on.
+ */
+export function AuthMessage({ title, body, action }: { title: string; body: React.ReactNode; action?: { href: string; label: string } }) {
+    return (
+        <AuthShell title={title}>
+            <p className="text-[0.9rem] text-ink-2">{body}</p>
+            {action && (
+                <Link
+                    href={action.href}
+                    className="inline-flex items-center justify-center gap-2 rounded border border-accent bg-accent px-3.5 py-2 text-[0.86rem] font-semibold text-accent-ink no-underline"
+                >
+                    {action.label}
+                </Link>
+            )}
+        </AuthShell>
+    );
+}

adminsite/components/InstanceRecord.tsx

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
 import { api, type Instance, type License } from "@/lib/api";
 import { daysRemaining, formatDate, licenceState, limitLabel } from "@/lib/format";
 import { StatePill } from "./StatePill";
+import { TermBar } from "./TermBar";
 import { Button, LinkButton } from "./Button";
 
 const STRIPE = {
@@ -35,7 +36,6 @@ export function InstanceRecord({ instance, license, reapAfterDays, defaultOpen =
     const state = licenceState(license?.expires_at, Boolean(license));
     const days = license ? daysRemaining(license.expires_at) : 0;
     const cloud = instance.deployment === "cloud";
-    const termDays = instance.tier === "free" ? 30 : 365;
     const deleteInDays = license && reapAfterDays ? daysRemaining(license.expires_at) + reapAfterDays : null;
 
     const [open, setOpen] = useState(defaultOpen);
@@ -102,22 +102,10 @@ export function InstanceRecord({ instance, license, reapAfterDays, defaultOpen =
                 </div>
             </div>
 
-            {license && state !== "expired" && (
-                <div className="grid max-w-md gap-1.5">
-                    <div className="flex justify-between font-mono text-[0.78rem] tabular-nums text-ink-2">
-                        <span>{days} days remaining</span>
-                        <span>Renews {formatDate(license.expires_at)}</span>
-                    </div>
-                    <div className="h-1 overflow-hidden rounded-sm bg-rule-soft">
-                        <div
-                            className={clsx("h-full", state === "warn" ? "bg-warn" : "bg-valid")}
-                            style={{
-                                width: `${Math.max(2, Math.min(100, (days / termDays) * 100))}%`,
-                            }}
-                        />
-                    </div>
-                </div>
-            )}
+            {/* The term is drawn for an expired licence too. The old bar hid
+                itself once it lapsed, which removed the measurement at exactly
+                the moment it started mattering. */}
+            {license && <TermBar issuedAt={license.issued_at} expiresAt={license.expires_at} state={state} className="max-w-md" />}
 
             {state === "expired" && (
                 <div className="grid gap-1">

adminsite/components/MembersPanel.tsx

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ export function MembersPanel({ instanceId }: { instanceId: string }) {
     const [selected, setSelected] = useState("");
     const [role, setRole] = useState<InstanceRole>("member");
     const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+    const [confirming, setConfirming] = useState<string | null>(null);
 
     const members = useQuery({
         queryKey: ["members", instanceId],
@@ -44,8 +45,14 @@ export function MembersPanel({ instanceId }: { instanceId: string }) {
     });
     const revoke = useMutation({
         mutationFn: (uid: string) => api.revokeMember(instanceId, uid),
-        onSuccess: refresh,
-        onError: fail,
+        onSuccess: () => {
+            setConfirming(null);
+            refresh();
+        },
+        onError: (e) => {
+            setConfirming(null);
+            fail(e);
+        },
     });
 
     const myRole = session?.account_role;
@@ -89,17 +96,41 @@ export function MembersPanel({ instanceId }: { instanceId: string }) {
                             ) : (
                                 <span className="font-mono text-[0.82rem]">{m.role}</span>
                             )}
-                            {canManage && (
-                                <button
-                                    type="button"
-                                    className="text-[0.82rem] font-semibold text-expired underline"
-                                    onClick={() => {
-                                        if (confirm(`Remove ${m.email} from this instance?`)) revoke.mutate(m.customer_user_id);
-                                    }}
-                                >
-                                    Remove
-                                </button>
-                            )}
+                            {canManage &&
+                                /*
+                                 * Confirming inline rather than through
+                                 * window.confirm(), and in the row itself
+                                 * rather than a dialog: this is the panel's own
+                                 * idiom, the same one ConfirmPlanChange uses,
+                                 * and it can say what revoking actually does.
+                                 */
+                                (confirming === m.customer_user_id ? (
+                                    <span className="flex items-center gap-2">
+                                        <span className="text-[0.82rem] text-ink-2">Revoke access?</span>
+                                        <button
+                                            type="button"
+                                            className="text-[0.82rem] font-semibold text-expired underline disabled:opacity-50"
+                                            disabled={revoke.isPending}
+                                            onClick={() => revoke.mutate(m.customer_user_id)}
+                                        >
+                                            {revoke.isPending ? "Removing…" : "Remove"}
+                                        </button>
+                                        <button type="button" className="text-[0.82rem] text-ink-2 underline" onClick={() => setConfirming(null)}>
+                                            Keep
+                                        </button>
+                                    </span>
+                                ) : (
+                                    <button
+                                        type="button"
+                                        className="text-[0.82rem] font-semibold text-expired underline"
+                                        onClick={() => {
+                                            setError(null);
+                                            setConfirming(m.customer_user_id);
+                                        }}
+                                    >
+                                        Remove<span className="sr-only"> {m.email}</span>
+                                    </button>
+                                ))}
                         </span>
                     </li>
                 ))}

adminsite/components/Panel.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+import clsx from "clsx";
+
+/*
+ * The surface every screen is built from.
+ *
+ * Before this there were four panel treatments in the app: `rounded border
+ * border-rule bg-panel p-5` with an `<h2 className="text-xl">`, the same thing
+ * with `text-[0.95rem] font-medium`, a bare `<section className="space-y-2">`
+ * with no border at all, and a table wrapper that was a panel in everything but
+ * name. They were all trying to be the same object.
+ *
+ * The header is title-left, meta-right. Meta is the keyed idiom — mono, small,
+ * tracked, dimmed — because it is always a count, a scope or an identifier,
+ * never prose.
+ */
+export function Panel({
+    title,
+    meta,
+    actions,
+    tone,
+    children,
+    bodyless,
+    className,
+}: {
+    title?: string;
+    meta?: React.ReactNode;
+    actions?: React.ReactNode;
+    /** Draws the panel's own border in a state colour. For a panel that IS the warning. */
+    tone?: "warn" | "expired";
+    children: React.ReactNode;
+    /** Skip the padded body — for a panel whose content is a full-bleed table. */
+    bodyless?: boolean;
+    className?: string;
+}) {
+    const head = title || meta || actions;
+
+    return (
+        <section
+            className={clsx(
+                "grid overflow-hidden rounded border bg-panel",
+                tone === "warn" ? "border-warn" : tone === "expired" ? "border-expired" : "border-rule",
+                className,
+            )}
+        >
+            {head && (
+                <header className="flex flex-wrap items-center justify-between gap-3 border-b border-rule-soft px-4 py-3">
+                    {title && <h2 className="text-[0.95rem] font-bold tracking-[-0.01em]">{title}</h2>}
+                    <div className="flex items-center gap-3">
+                        {meta && <span className="font-mono text-[0.64rem] uppercase tracking-[0.14em] text-ink-3">{meta}</span>}
+                        {actions}
+                    </div>
+                </header>
+            )}
+            {bodyless ? children : <div className="grid gap-3.5 p-4">{children}</div>}
+        </section>
+    );
+}
+
+/*
+ * An aside that is part of the argument rather than beside it: the consequence
+ * of the action on screen, or the constraint the reader is about to hit. The
+ * left rule carries the tone, so the note reads as annotation and never as a
+ * second panel competing with the one it sits in.
+ */
+export function Note({ tone = "accent", children }: { tone?: "accent" | "warn" | "expired"; children: React.ReactNode }) {
+    return (
+        <p
+            className={clsx(
+                "rounded border border-rule border-l-[3px] bg-panel-2 px-3.5 py-2.5 text-[0.84rem] text-ink-2",
+                tone === "warn" ? "border-l-warn" : tone === "expired" ? "border-l-expired" : "border-l-accent",
+            )}
+        >
+            {children}
+        </p>
+    );
+}
+
+/*
+ * An empty screen is an invitation to act. Every one of these says what the
+ * thing is before offering to make one — "No licences match those filters" on
+ * its own tells someone the filter worked, not what to do about it.
+ */
+export function EmptyState({ title, body, action }: { title: string; body?: React.ReactNode; action?: React.ReactNode }) {
+    return (
+        <div className="grid justify-items-center gap-2 px-5 py-12 text-center">
+            <p className="text-[1rem] font-bold">{title}</p>
+            {body && <p className="max-w-[46ch] text-[0.86rem] text-ink-2">{body}</p>}
+            {action && <div className="mt-2">{action}</div>}
+        </div>
+    );
+}

adminsite/components/Queue.tsx

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import Link from "next/link";
 import clsx from "clsx";
+import type { ReactNode } from "react";
 
 const TONE = {
     expired: "border-l-expired text-expired",
@@ -16,7 +17,11 @@ export function Queue({
     title: string;
     count: number;
     tone: keyof typeof TONE;
-    items: { label: string; href: string; meta: string }[];
+    /* `meta` is a node rather than a string so a queue about time can carry the
+     * term measurement itself. A tier name told the reader what the instance
+     * was; the queue is sorted by how soon it lapses, and that was the one
+     * figure the row did not show. */
+    items: { label: string; href: string; meta: ReactNode }[];
 }) {
     return (
         <section
@@ -38,12 +43,12 @@ export function Queue({
                     {items.map((i) => (
                         <li
                             key={i.href}
-                            className="flex justify-between gap-2 font-mono text-[0.72rem] text-ink-2"
+                            className="flex items-center justify-between gap-2 font-mono text-[0.72rem] text-ink-2"
                         >
-                            <Link href={i.href} className="text-accent underline">
+                            <Link href={i.href} className="truncate text-accent underline">
                                 {i.label}
                             </Link>
-                            <span className="tabular-nums">{i.meta}</span>
+                            <span className="shrink-0 tabular-nums">{i.meta}</span>
                         </li>
                     ))}
                 </ul>

adminsite/components/Table.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+import clsx from "clsx";
+import type { HTMLAttributes, TdHTMLAttributes, ThHTMLAttributes } from "react";
+
+/*
+ * One table treatment for the whole console.
+ *
+ * There were four: billing, licences, accounts and catalogue each wrote their
+ * own thead, and they disagreed about the head's type size, its tracking,
+ * whether it sat on --panel-2, and whether numbers were tabular. Catalogue's
+ * heads were sentence-case body text. A registry whose columns are set four
+ * ways does not read as one product.
+ *
+ * The head is the keyed idiom — mono, small, uppercase, widely tracked — which
+ * is what a column head is: a key above a value, exactly as the record line is
+ * a key beside one.
+ */
+
+export function Table({ className, children, ...props }: HTMLAttributes<HTMLTableElement>) {
+    return (
+        <div className="overflow-x-auto">
+            <table className={clsx("w-full border-collapse text-left text-[0.86rem]", className)} {...props}>
+                {children}
+            </table>
+        </div>
+    );
+}
+
+export function THead({ className, children, ...props }: HTMLAttributes<HTMLTableSectionElement>) {
+    return (
+        <thead className={clsx("border-b border-rule", className)} {...props}>
+            {children}
+        </thead>
+    );
+}
+
+export function TBody({ className, children, ...props }: HTMLAttributes<HTMLTableSectionElement>) {
+    return (
+        <tbody className={className} {...props}>
+            {children}
+        </tbody>
+    );
+}
+
+export function TR({ className, children, ...props }: HTMLAttributes<HTMLTableRowElement>) {
+    return (
+        <tr className={clsx("border-b border-rule-soft last:border-0 hover:bg-panel-2", className)} {...props}>
+            {children}
+        </tr>
+    );
+}
+
+interface CellProps {
+    /** Right-aligns the cell. For quantities and money, which read down the column. */
+    numeric?: boolean;
+}
+
+export function TH({ className, numeric, children, ...props }: ThHTMLAttributes<HTMLTableCellElement> & CellProps) {
+    return (
+        <th
+            className={clsx(
+                "whitespace-nowrap px-4 py-2.5 font-mono text-[0.62rem] font-normal uppercase tracking-[0.13em] text-ink-3",
+                numeric && "text-right",
+                className,
+            )}
+            {...props}
+        >
+            {children}
+        </th>
+    );
+}
+
+export function TD({ className, numeric, children, ...props }: TdHTMLAttributes<HTMLTableCellElement> & CellProps) {
+    return (
+        <td className={clsx("px-4 py-3 align-middle", numeric && "text-right tabular-nums", className)} {...props}>
+            {children}
+        </td>
+    );
+}
+
+/** The secondary line under a cell's main value — an ID, a deployment, a date. */
+export function Sub({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) {
+    return <div className="text-[0.78rem] text-ink-3">{children}</div>;
+}

adminsite/components/TermBar.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+import clsx from "clsx";
+import { daysRemaining, formatDate, type LicenceState } from "@/lib/format";
+
+/*
+ * A licence's life as a measured line: issued at the left, expiry at the right,
+ * today as a notch, the part you have not got yet hatched.
+ *
+ * This replaces a 1px progress rule and a "Renews 19 Aug 2026" caption. The
+ * date is still there, but a date alone makes the reader do the arithmetic that
+ * is the only question this product is ever asked — when does this stop
+ * working. The bar answers it before they read a word.
+ *
+ * The fill takes the state's colour, so the same vocabulary the pill uses
+ * carries through. State is never colour alone here either: the remaining span
+ * is hatched rather than tinted, the notch is a hard edge, and the days-left
+ * figure is written out.
+ */
+
+const TONE: Record<LicenceState, string> = {
+    valid: "text-valid",
+    warn: "text-warn",
+    expired: "text-expired",
+    none: "text-accent",
+};
+
+function span(issuedAt: string, expiresAt: string) {
+    const start = new Date(issuedAt).getTime();
+    const end = new Date(expiresAt).getTime();
+    const total = end - start;
+    // A licence issued and expiring at the same instant is not a real record,
+    // but it must not divide by zero on the way to being rendered.
+    if (!Number.isFinite(total) || total <= 0) return 100;
+    const elapsed = Date.now() - start;
+    return Math.max(0, Math.min(100, (elapsed / total) * 100));
+}
+
+export function TermBar({
+    issuedAt,
+    expiresAt,
+    state,
+    className,
+}: {
+    issuedAt: string;
+    expiresAt: string;
+    state: LicenceState;
+    className?: string;
+}) {
+    const pct = span(issuedAt, expiresAt);
+    const days = daysRemaining(expiresAt);
+    const expired = days <= 0;
+
+    const remaining = expired
+        ? `Expired ${Math.abs(days)} ${Math.abs(days) === 1 ? "day" : "days"} ago`
+        : `${days} ${days === 1 ? "day" : "days"} left`;
+
+    return (
+        <div className={clsx("grid gap-2", TONE[state], className)}>
+            <div className="relative h-[26px] overflow-hidden rounded-sm border border-rule bg-panel-2">
+                <span className="absolute inset-y-0 left-0 bg-current opacity-[0.16]" style={{ width: `${pct}%` }} />
+                {/* The span still to come, drawn as absence rather than as a
+                    second colour: it is the thing being bought. */}
+                <span
+                    className="absolute inset-y-0 right-0 bg-[repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,transparent_0_5px,var(--rule-soft)_5px_6px)]"
+                    style={{ width: `${100 - pct}%` }}
+                />
+                <span className="absolute -inset-y-px w-0.5 bg-current" style={{ left: `${pct}%` }} />
+            </div>
+
+            <div className="flex flex-wrap items-baseline justify-between gap-x-4 gap-y-1">
+                <span className="font-mono text-[0.64rem] uppercase tracking-[0.12em] text-ink-3">Issued {formatDate(issuedAt)}</span>
+                <span className="font-mono text-[0.74rem] font-bold tabular-nums">{remaining}</span>
+                <span className="font-mono text-[0.64rem] uppercase tracking-[0.12em] text-ink-3">Expires {formatDate(expiresAt)}</span>
+            </div>
+        </div>
+    );
+}
+
+/*
+ * The same measurement at 56px, for a row in a ledger. Licences, Billing and
+ * the staff expiry queue are all lists of terms, and a list of dates cannot be
+ * scanned for "which of these is nearly out" — a list of bars can.
+ *
+ * It carries a text alternative rather than a title: the row it sits in is
+ * being read, not hovered.
+ */
+export function TermSpark({ issuedAt, expiresAt, state }: { issuedAt: string; expiresAt: string; state: LicenceState }) {
+    const pct = span(issuedAt, expiresAt);
+    const days = daysRemaining(expiresAt);
+
+    return (
+        <span className={clsx("inline-flex items-center gap-2", TONE[state])}>
+            <span aria-hidden className="relative inline-block h-[9px] w-14 overflow-hidden rounded-sm border border-rule bg-panel-2 align-middle">
+                <span className="absolute inset-y-0 left-0 bg-current opacity-[0.45]" style={{ width: `${pct}%` }} />
+                <span className="absolute inset-y-0 w-px bg-current" style={{ left: `${pct}%` }} />
+            </span>
+            <span className="font-mono text-[0.72rem] tabular-nums">{days <= 0 ? `−${Math.abs(days)}d` : `${days}d`}</span>
+        </span>
+    );
+}

agent/internal/packages/packages.go

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ func Collect() (OSRelease, []Package, error) {
 	switch {
 	case have("dpkg-query"):
 		out, err := run(ctx, "dpkg-query", "-W", "-f",
-			`${Package}\t${Version}\t${Architecture}\t${source:Package}\n`)
+			`${Package}\t${Version}\t${Architecture}\t${source:Package}\t${db:Status-Status}\n`)
 		if err != nil {
 			return osrel, nil, err
 		}

agent/internal/packages/parse.go

@@ -20,12 +20,20 @@ type Package struct {
 }
 
 // ParseDpkg reads tab-separated output of
-// dpkg-query -W -f '${Package}\t${Version}\t${Architecture}\t${source:Package}\n'
+// dpkg-query -W -f '${Package}\t${Version}\t${Architecture}\t${source:Package}\t${db:Status-Status}\n'
 //
 // SourceName is why the fourth column is requested at all: Debian and Ubuntu
 // advisories are keyed on the SOURCE package, so one CVE against "openssl"
 // covers the binaries libssl3, openssl and libssl-dev. Matching on binary name
 // alone finds one of the three.
+//
+// The fifth column is why "rc" packages do not appear. dpkg-query -W lists
+// every package dpkg knows about, including ones removed with their config
+// files left behind — a host that has upgraded its kernel a dozen times reports
+// a dozen old linux-modules versions that are not on disk, and the oldest of
+// them sorts first and reads as the installed version. Only "installed" is
+// installed. An empty status means dpkg did not understand the field, in which
+// case the line is kept rather than the whole inventory silently vanishing.
 func ParseDpkg(out string) []Package {
 	var pkgs []Package
 	for _, line := range strings.Split(out, "\n") {
@@ -36,6 +44,11 @@ func ParseDpkg(out string) []Package {
 		if len(f) < 3 {
 			continue
 		}
+		if len(f) > 4 {
+			if s := strings.TrimSpace(f[4]); s != "" && s != "installed" {
+				continue
+			}
+		}
 		p := Package{Name: f[0], Version: f[1], Arch: f[2]}
 		if len(f) > 3 && f[3] != "" {
 			p.SourceName = f[3]

server/internal/api/vulnerabilities.go

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ func listVulnerabilities(c *gin.Context) {
 		State:    c.DefaultQuery("state", models.FindingOpen),
 		ServerID: c.Query("server"),
 		Tags:     tagsFromQuery(c),
+		HasFix:   hasFixFromQuery(c),
 	})
 	if err != nil {
 		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
@@ -82,6 +83,22 @@ func groupByCVE(findings []models.VulnFinding) []vulnGroup {
 	return out
 }
 
+// hasFixFromQuery reads ?has_fix=true|false. Anything else, including an empty
+// or malformed value, is no filter — a filter nobody asked for must never hide
+// findings, and the wrong direction here hides the unfixable ones.
+func hasFixFromQuery(c *gin.Context) *bool {
+	switch c.Query("has_fix") {
+	case "true":
+		v := true
+		return &v
+	case "false":
+		v := false
+		return &v
+	default:
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
 // tagsFromQuery reads repeated tag=key:value parameters.
 func tagsFromQuery(c *gin.Context) map[string]string {
 	out := map[string]string{}

server/internal/services/findings.go

@@ -52,6 +52,9 @@ func DiffFindings(existing []models.VulnFinding, results []vulndb.Result, now ti
 			Installed:   r.Installed,
 			FixedIn:     r.FixedIn,
 			Severity:    r.Severity,
+			CVSSScore:   r.CVSSScore,
+			Title:       r.Title,
+			References:  r.References,
 			State:       models.FindingOpen,
 			FirstSeen:   now,
 			LastSeen:    now,
@@ -112,6 +115,10 @@ type FindingFilter struct {
 	State    string
 	ServerID string
 	Tags     map[string]string
+	// HasFix nil is no filter. true is "a vendor fix exists, this is
+	// patchable"; false is the unfixable set — remove the package, disable the
+	// service, or accept it, but do not wait for an update.
+	HasFix *bool
 }
 
 // ListInstanceFindings returns findings across the whole fleet.
@@ -130,6 +137,17 @@ func ListInstanceFindings(instanceID string, f FindingFilter) ([]models.VulnFind
 		filter["server_id"] = f.ServerID
 	}
 
+	// fixed_in is omitempty, so a finding with no vendor fix carries no such
+	// field at all rather than an empty string. Both forms must be matched, or
+	// the unfixable set reads as empty on any document written before this.
+	if f.HasFix != nil {
+		if *f.HasFix {
+			filter["fixed_in"] = bson.M{"$nin": bson.A{"", nil}}
+		} else {
+			filter["fixed_in"] = bson.M{"$in": bson.A{"", nil}}
+		}
+	}
+
 	// The tag selector resolves through ResolveTargets, the single answer to
 	// which servers a selector touches. A second matcher here could disagree
 	// with what a workflow means by env:prod.
@@ -207,8 +225,11 @@ func MarkInstanceForRescan(instanceID string) (int64, error) {
 		bson.M{"$set": bson.M{"scan_pending": true}},
 	)
 	if err != nil {
+		log.Printf("vulnsched: mark rescan for instance %s: %v", instanceID, err)
 		return 0, err
 	}
+	log.Printf("vulnsched: rescan requested for instance %s, %d of %d server(s) flagged",
+		instanceID, res.ModifiedCount, res.MatchedCount)
 	return res.ModifiedCount, nil
 }
 
@@ -300,19 +321,40 @@ func ListFindings(ctx context.Context, instanceID, serverID string) ([]models.Vu
 func ApplyFindingDiff(ctx context.Context, instanceID, serverID string, d FindingDiff, now time.Time) error {
 	col := db.Col("vuln_findings")
 
+	// One BulkWrite per batch, not one UpdateOne per finding. A freshly scanned
+	// Ubuntu host opens tens of thousands of findings, and at one round trip each
+	// that is minutes of sequential latency during which the tick holds the
+	// leader and every other server waits its turn. Unordered, because the
+	// upserts are independent and one duplicate-key race must not abandon the
+	// rest of the batch.
+	const bulkBatch = 1000
+	ops := make([]mongo.WriteModel, 0, bulkBatch)
+
+	flush := func() error {
+		if len(ops) == 0 {
+			return nil
+		}
+		_, err := col.BulkWrite(ctx, ops, options.BulkWrite().SetOrdered(false))
+		ops = ops[:0]
+		return err
+	}
+
 	for _, f := range d.Upserts {
-		_, err := col.UpdateOne(ctx,
-			bson.M{
+		ops = append(ops, mongo.NewUpdateOneModel().
+			SetFilter(bson.M{
 				"instance_id":  instanceID,
 				"server_id":    serverID,
 				"cve_id":       f.CVEID,
 				"package_name": f.PackageName,
-			},
-			bson.M{
+			}).
+			SetUpdate(bson.M{
 				"$set": bson.M{
 					"installed_version": f.Installed,
 					"fixed_in":          f.FixedIn,
 					"severity":          f.Severity,
+					"cvss_score":        f.CVSSScore,
+					"title":             f.Title,
+					"references":        f.References,
 					"state":             models.FindingOpen,
 					"last_seen":         now,
 				},
@@ -326,13 +368,18 @@ func ApplyFindingDiff(ctx context.Context, instanceID, serverID string, d Findin
 					"first_seen":   f.FirstSeen,
 				},
 				"$unset": bson.M{"fixed_at": "", "accepted": ""},
-			},
-			options.UpdateOne().SetUpsert(true),
-		)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
+			}).
+			SetUpsert(true))
+
+		if len(ops) >= bulkBatch {
+			if err := flush(); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
 		}
 	}
+	if err := flush(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 
 	if len(d.FixedIDs) > 0 {
 		if _, err := col.UpdateMany(ctx,

server/internal/vulndb/db.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package vulndb
 
 import (
+	"log"
 	"strings"
 
 	trivydb "github.com/aquasecurity/trivy-db/pkg/db"
@@ -14,6 +15,11 @@ type Advisory struct {
 	// state, not an absence of data, and callers must treat it as vulnerable.
 	FixedVersion string
 	Severity     string
+	// Status is filled by trivy-db ONLY when FixedVersion is empty — when there
+	// is a fix, "fixed" is the obvious state and the field is left zero. It is
+	// what separates "the vendor confirms this package is affected and has not
+	// fixed it" from "nobody has looked yet".
+	Status string
 }
 
 // VulnInfo is the CVE's own metadata, shared across every server it affects.
@@ -33,8 +39,10 @@ type Store struct {
 // it appends "trivy.db" itself.
 func Open(dir string) (*Store, error) {
 	if err := trivydb.Init(dir); err != nil {
+		log.Printf("vulndb: open %s: %v", dir, err)
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	log.Printf("vulndb: opened database in %s", dir)
 	return &Store{cfg: trivydb.Config{}}, nil
 }
 
@@ -55,6 +63,7 @@ func (s *Store) Advisories(bucket, srcName string) ([]Advisory, error) {
 			// Vulnerability.Severity which is a string. They are genuinely
 			// different types in trivy-db, not an inconsistency here.
 			Severity: severityFromLevel(a.Severity),
+			Status:   a.Status.String(),
 		})
 	}
 	return out, nil

server/internal/vulndb/enrich.go

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+package vulndb
+
+// VulnSource is the CVE-metadata lookup the enricher needs. *Store satisfies it.
+type VulnSource interface {
+	Vulnerability(cveID string) (VulnInfo, error)
+}
+
+// MetaCache enriches match results with the CVE's own metadata.
+//
+// This is not an optimisation, it is where severity comes from. Debian, Ubuntu
+// and Alpine advisories carry no severity of their own — trivy-db leaves
+// Advisory.Severity zero for those buckets and keeps the rating in the
+// vulnerability bucket's VendorSeverity map instead. Taking the advisory's
+// value alone reported an entire fleet as "unknown".
+//
+// One cache per tick, shared across servers: a CVE affects every host running
+// the package, and the bolt read is the same read every time.
+type MetaCache struct {
+	src  VulnSource
+	seen map[string]VulnInfo
+}
+
+func NewMetaCache(src VulnSource) *MetaCache {
+	return &MetaCache{src: src, seen: make(map[string]VulnInfo)}
+}
+
+// Enrich fills severity, title, score and references in place.
+//
+// The advisory's severity is kept when the vulnerability bucket has nothing
+// better to say — RHEL does publish it per advisory — so this can only raise
+// the quality of the answer, never lower it.
+func (m *MetaCache) Enrich(results []Result) {
+	if m == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	for i := range results {
+		info, ok := m.lookup(results[i].CVEID)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		if info.Severity != "" && info.Severity != "unknown" {
+			results[i].Severity = info.Severity
+		}
+		results[i].Title = info.Title
+		results[i].CVSSScore = info.CVSSScore
+		results[i].References = info.References
+	}
+}
+
+func (m *MetaCache) lookup(cveID string) (VulnInfo, bool) {
+	if info, ok := m.seen[cveID]; ok {
+		return info, true
+	}
+	info, err := m.src.Vulnerability(cveID)
+	if err != nil {
+		// A CVE with an advisory but no vulnerability document is a real state
+		// in trivy-db, not a fault. Cache the miss so it is asked once.
+		Debugf("no vulnerability record for %s: %v", cveID, err)
+		m.seen[cveID] = VulnInfo{}
+		return VulnInfo{}, false
+	}
+	m.seen[cveID] = info
+	return info, true
+}

server/internal/vulndb/match.go

@@ -14,12 +14,19 @@ type AdvisorySource interface {
 }
 
 // Result is one vulnerable package on one server, before it becomes a finding.
+//
+// Severity, Title, CVSSScore and References are only as good as the advisory
+// until MetaCache.Enrich has run over them — for the Debian-family buckets the
+// advisory carries no severity at all, so an unenriched Result reads "unknown".
 type Result struct {
 	CVEID       string
 	PackageName string // the BINARY package, which is what is installed
 	Installed   string
 	FixedIn     string
 	Severity    string
+	Title       string
+	CVSSScore   float64
+	References  []string
 }
 
 // Match returns every advisory that the installed packages do not satisfy.
@@ -32,11 +39,22 @@ type Result struct {
 func Match(src AdvisorySource, os models.OSRelease, pkgs []models.InstalledPackage) ([]Result, error) {
 	bucket, err := Bucket(os.Family, os.VersionID)
 	if err != nil {
+		log.Printf("vulndb: no bucket for family=%q version=%q: %v", os.Family, os.VersionID, err)
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	log.Printf("vulndb: matching %d packages against bucket %q", len(pkgs), bucket)
+
+	var advisoryCount, skipped, unactionable, noFix int
+
+	// Advisories are keyed on the SOURCE package, and several hundred binary
+	// packages on a host resolve to the same few hundred sources — linux-modules,
+	// linux-image and linux-headers all ask about "linux", whose advisory list is
+	// thousands long. Without this the same bolt read is repeated once per binary
+	// package, which is most of what made a single Ubuntu host take minutes.
+	cache := make(map[string][]Advisory, len(pkgs))
 
 	var out []Result
-	for _, p := range pkgs {
+	for _, p := range newestPerSource(os.Family, pkgs) {
 		// Debian and Ubuntu advisories are keyed on the source package: one
 		// advisory against "openssl" covers libssl3, openssl and libssl-dev.
 		srcName := p.SourceName
@@ -44,15 +62,30 @@ func Match(src AdvisorySource, os models.OSRelease, pkgs []models.InstalledPacka
 			srcName = p.Name
 		}
 
-		advs, err := src.Advisories(bucket, srcName)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("advisories for %s: %w", srcName, err)
+		advs, cached := cache[srcName]
+		if !cached {
+			var err error
+			advs, err = src.Advisories(bucket, srcName)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("advisories for %s: %w", srcName, err)
+			}
+			cache[srcName] = advs
+		}
+		advisoryCount += len(advs)
+		if len(advs) > 0 {
+			Debugf("%s (src %s, installed %s): %d advisories", p.Name, srcName, p.Version, len(advs))
 		}
 
 		for _, a := range advs {
-			// No published fix. Vulnerable, and the finding most in need of
-			// acceptance, since there is nothing to patch.
+			// No published fix. Whether that is a finding depends entirely on the
+			// status the vendor attached to it — see actionable().
 			if a.FixedVersion == "" {
+				if !actionable(a.Status) {
+					unactionable++
+					Debugf("%s (src %s): %s skipped, status %q", p.Name, srcName, a.CVEID, a.Status)
+					continue
+				}
+				noFix++
 				out = append(out, Result{
 					CVEID: a.CVEID, PackageName: p.Name,
 					Installed: p.Version, Severity: a.Severity,
@@ -67,8 +100,10 @@ func Match(src AdvisorySource, os models.OSRelease, pkgs []models.InstalledPacka
 				// on the host. Log it — a silent skip is a silent false
 				// negative, which is the direction that hurts.
 				log.Printf("vulndb: compare %s %s vs %s: %v", p.Name, p.Version, a.FixedVersion, err)
+				skipped++
 				continue
 			}
+			Debugf("%s %s vs fixed %s (%s): vulnerable=%t", p.Name, p.Version, a.FixedVersion, a.CVEID, older)
 			if older {
 				out = append(out, Result{
 					CVEID: a.CVEID, PackageName: p.Name,
@@ -77,5 +112,90 @@ func Match(src AdvisorySource, os models.OSRelease, pkgs []models.InstalledPacka
 			}
 		}
 	}
+	log.Printf("vulndb: bucket %q done: %d packages, %d sources, %d advisories considered, "+
+		"%d results (%d with no vendor fix), %d skipped as not-yet-triaged, %d unparseable comparisons",
+		bucket, len(pkgs), len(cache), advisoryCount, len(out), noFix, unactionable, skipped)
 	return out, nil
 }
+
+// newestPerSource collapses the installed set to one binary package per source
+// package: the one carrying the highest version.
+//
+// Advisories are keyed on the source, so every binary package of a source asks
+// the same question. Normally they all carry the same version and the answer is
+// the same, so collapsing is free. The kernel is the exception that makes it
+// necessary: Ubuntu encodes the ABI in the binary name, so an upgrade INSTALLS
+// linux-headers-6.8.0-137 beside linux-headers-6.8.0-124 rather than replacing
+// it, and the old one lingers until an autoremove. Matched per binary package,
+// a fully patched host reports every superseded ABI package as vulnerable —
+// which is the noise this exists to stop — and reports it twice over, once for
+// linux-headers-6.8.0-124 and again for its -generic sibling.
+//
+// The version, not the name, decides. There is no kernel special case here: a
+// source's newest installed version is what the fix landed as, whatever the
+// source is.
+//
+// A comparison that cannot be made keeps the incumbent rather than guessing;
+// the loser is dropped either way, and dropping the parseable one would be the
+// false-negative direction.
+func newestPerSource(family string, pkgs []models.InstalledPackage) []models.InstalledPackage {
+	best := make(map[string]models.InstalledPackage, len(pkgs))
+	order := make([]string, 0, len(pkgs))
+
+	for _, p := range pkgs {
+		src := p.SourceName
+		if src == "" {
+			src = p.Name
+		}
+		cur, seen := best[src]
+		if !seen {
+			best[src] = p
+			order = append(order, src)
+			continue
+		}
+		older, err := LessThan(family, cur.Version, p.Version)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Printf("vulndb: newest for source %s: compare %s vs %s: %v",
+				src, cur.Version, p.Version, err)
+			continue
+		}
+		if older {
+			Debugf("source %s: %s %s supersedes %s %s",
+				src, p.Name, p.Version, cur.Name, cur.Version)
+			best[src] = p
+		}
+	}
+
+	out := make([]models.InstalledPackage, 0, len(order))
+	for _, src := range order {
+		out = append(out, best[src])
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// actionable decides whether an advisory with no fixed version is a finding.
+//
+// trivy-db fills Status only when FixedVersion is empty, and Ubuntu publishes a
+// status for every CVE against every source package it ships — the vast
+// majority being "under_investigation" (the tracker's needs-triage), meaning
+// nobody has yet established that the package is affected at all. Reporting
+// those produced ~24,000 findings for a single 797-package host, which is not a
+// security report, it is a wall. A "not_affected" is the vendor stating the
+// opposite of a finding, so it is never one.
+//
+// What survives is what the vendor has confirmed: affected, will_not_fix,
+// fix_deferred, end_of_life. Those are exactly the findings the CLAUDE.md rule
+// is about — an empty fixed_in that means "no fix exists", the one most in need
+// of acceptance rather than patching.
+// Only the two statuses that positively say "this is not a finding" are
+// dropped. "unknown" is kept: a feed that sets no status at all must not become
+// a silent false negative, and it is not what generates the noise — Ubuntu
+// states under_investigation explicitly.
+func actionable(status string) bool {
+	switch status {
+	case "not_affected", "under_investigation":
+		return false
+	default:
+		return true
+	}
+}

server/internal/vulndb/pull.go

@@ -7,9 +7,11 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"log"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
+	"time"
 
 	ocispec "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
 	"oras.land/oras-go/v2"
@@ -49,6 +51,24 @@ func Disabled() bool {
 	return strings.EqualFold(os.Getenv("VANTAGE_VULNDB_DISABLED"), "true")
 }
 
+// DebugEnabled turns on per-package and per-advisory tracing.
+//
+// It is a switch rather than always-on because a single scan asks the store one
+// question per installed package — ~2000 lines per server, per tick — which
+// would bury every other subsystem's logs on a fleet of any size. The lifecycle
+// logs (pull, tick, per-server totals) are unconditional; only the inner loop
+// is gated.
+func DebugEnabled() bool {
+	return strings.EqualFold(os.Getenv("VANTAGE_VULN_DEBUG"), "true")
+}
+
+// Debugf logs only when VANTAGE_VULN_DEBUG=true.
+func Debugf(format string, args ...any) {
+	if DebugEnabled() {
+		log.Printf("vulndb[debug]: "+format, args...)
+	}
+}
+
 // dbMetadata is the subset of trivy-db's metadata.json we read.
 type dbMetadata struct {
 	Version int `json:"Version"`
@@ -62,6 +82,8 @@ type dbMetadata struct {
 // one that Open would happily accept and scan against.
 func Pull(ctx context.Context, dir string) (int, error) {
 	ref := Ref()
+	started := time.Now()
+	log.Printf("vulndb: pull starting ref=%s dir=%s", ref, dir)
 
 	parsed, err := registry.ParseReference(ref)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -92,6 +114,8 @@ func Pull(ctx context.Context, dir string) (int, error) {
 	if len(man.Layers) == 0 {
 		return 0, fmt.Errorf("artifact %s has no layers", ref)
 	}
+	log.Printf("vulndb: manifest resolved layers=%d digest=%s size=%dB",
+		len(man.Layers), man.Layers[0].Digest, man.Layers[0].Size)
 
 	// Streamed rather than buffered: the layer is ~50MB and there is no reason
 	// to hold it in memory on the way to disk.
@@ -110,6 +134,7 @@ func Pull(ctx context.Context, dir string) (int, error) {
 	if err := extractTarGz(rc, staging); err != nil {
 		return 0, fmt.Errorf("extract layer: %w", err)
 	}
+	log.Printf("vulndb: layer extracted into %s after %s", staging, time.Since(started).Round(time.Millisecond))
 
 	metaBytes, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(staging, metaFileName))
 	if err != nil {
@@ -123,9 +148,11 @@ func Pull(ctx context.Context, dir string) (int, error) {
 		return 0, fmt.Errorf("trivy-db schema %d is not supported (want %d)", meta.Version, SupportedSchema)
 	}
 
-	if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(staging, dbFileName)); err != nil {
+	fi, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(staging, dbFileName))
+	if err != nil {
 		return 0, fmt.Errorf("artifact has no %s: %w", dbFileName, err)
 	}
+	log.Printf("vulndb: %s is %dB, schema %d accepted", dbFileName, fi.Size(), meta.Version)
 
 	// Both files present and the schema accepted, so it is safe to replace.
 	for _, name := range []string{dbFileName, metaFileName} {
@@ -139,6 +166,7 @@ func Pull(ctx context.Context, dir string) (int, error) {
 		}
 	}
 
+	log.Printf("vulndb: pull complete ref=%s schema=%d in %s", ref, meta.Version, time.Since(started).Round(time.Millisecond))
 	return meta.Version, nil
 }
 

server/internal/vulnsched/sched.go

@@ -51,11 +51,17 @@ func Start(ctx context.Context, deps Deps) {
 
 	dir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "vantage-vulndb-")
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Printf("vulnsched: temp dir: %v", err)
+		// The classic form of this is "stat /tmp: no such file or directory" on
+		// the scratch runtime image. It is logged once at boot while everything
+		// else runs normally, so the only other symptom is a fleet that never
+		// reports a finding.
+		log.Printf("vulnsched: temp dir: %v (scan loop NOT started)", err)
 		return
 	}
 
 	s := &scheduler{deps: deps, dir: dir}
+	log.Printf("vulnsched: started, ref=%s tick=%s dir=%s debug=%t",
+		vulndb.Ref(), tickInterval, dir, vulndb.DebugEnabled())
 
 	go func() {
 		defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
@@ -66,6 +72,7 @@ func Start(ctx context.Context, deps Deps) {
 		for {
 			select {
 			case <-ctx.Done():
+				log.Println("vulnsched: leadership lost or shutting down, scan loop stopping")
 				return
 			case <-ticker.C:
 				s.tick(ctx)
@@ -75,16 +82,22 @@ func Start(ctx context.Context, deps Deps) {
 }
 
 func (s *scheduler) tick(ctx context.Context) {
+	started := time.Now()
+	vulndb.Debugf("vulnsched tick starting (store loaded=%t, db version=%d, pulled %s ago)",
+		s.store != nil, s.version, time.Since(s.pulled).Round(time.Second))
+
 	if err := s.ensureDB(ctx); err != nil {
 		// Keep the last good database and carry on scanning against it. A
 		// network blip must never clear findings or read as "all fixed".
 		log.Printf("vulnsched: database unavailable: %v", err)
 		s.recordDBError(ctx, err)
 		if s.store == nil {
+			log.Println("vulnsched: no database loaded at all, nothing can be scanned this tick")
 			return
 		}
 	}
 	s.scanPending(ctx)
+	vulndb.Debugf("vulnsched tick finished in %s", time.Since(started).Round(time.Millisecond))
 }
 
 // ensureDB pulls a fresh database when the local copy is stale, and marks the
@@ -93,8 +106,11 @@ func (s *scheduler) tick(ctx context.Context) {
 // next agent report.
 func (s *scheduler) ensureDB(ctx context.Context) error {
 	if s.store != nil && time.Since(s.pulled) < dbMaxAge {
+		vulndb.Debugf("database is %s old, under the %s limit; not pulling",
+			time.Since(s.pulled).Round(time.Second), dbMaxAge)
 		return nil
 	}
+	log.Printf("vulnsched: pulling database (age %s, max %s)", time.Since(s.pulled).Round(time.Second), dbMaxAge)
 
 	version, err := vulndb.Pull(ctx, s.dir)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -110,6 +126,7 @@ func (s *scheduler) ensureDB(ctx context.Context) error {
 	s.pulled = time.Now()
 
 	changed := version != s.version
+	log.Printf("vulnsched: database ready, schema %d (previous %d, changed=%t)", version, s.version, changed)
 	s.version = version
 
 	_, _ = db.Col("vulndb_meta").UpdateOne(ctx, bson.M{},
@@ -152,19 +169,29 @@ func (s *scheduler) scanPending(ctx context.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
+	if len(pending) == 0 {
+		vulndb.Debugf("no servers pending scan")
+		return
+	}
+	log.Printf("vulnsched: %d server(s) pending scan", len(pending))
+
 	// Newly opened findings are collected across the whole tick and sent as one
 	// digest per instance. A database refresh can open several hundred findings
 	// at once; one message per finding would rate-limit the webhook or get the
 	// channel muted, and either way the alerts stop being read.
 	newly := map[string][]models.VulnFinding{}
 
+	// One metadata cache for the whole tick: a CVE affects every host running
+	// the package, and the lookup is the same read each time.
+	meta := vulndb.NewMetaCache(s.store)
+
 	for _, sp := range pending {
 		if ctx.Err() != nil {
 			// Leadership lost. scan_pending is still set, so the next leader
 			// picks these up — which is why it lives on the document.
 			return
 		}
-		opened := s.scanOne(ctx, sp)
+		opened := s.scanOne(ctx, sp, meta)
 		newly[sp.InstanceID] = append(newly[sp.InstanceID], opened...)
 	}
 
@@ -180,8 +207,10 @@ func (s *scheduler) scanPending(ctx context.Context) {
 	)
 }
 
-func (s *scheduler) scanOne(ctx context.Context, sp models.ServerPackages) []models.VulnFinding {
+func (s *scheduler) scanOne(ctx context.Context, sp models.ServerPackages, meta *vulndb.MetaCache) []models.VulnFinding {
 	now := time.Now()
+	log.Printf("vulnsched: scanning server %s (instance %s, os %s %s, %d packages)",
+		sp.ServerID, sp.InstanceID, sp.OS.Family, sp.OS.VersionID, len(sp.Packages))
 
 	results, err := vulndb.Match(s.store, sp.OS, sp.Packages)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -193,11 +222,19 @@ func (s *scheduler) scanOne(ctx context.Context, sp models.ServerPackages) []mod
 		if !errors.Is(err, vulndb.ErrUnsupportedFamily) {
 			log.Printf("vulnsched: scan %s: %v", sp.ServerID, err)
 			status = sp.Status
+		} else {
+			log.Printf("vulnsched: server %s marked unsupported: no feed for %s %s",
+				sp.ServerID, sp.OS.Family, sp.OS.VersionID)
 		}
 		s.clearPending(ctx, sp.ID, status, now)
 		return nil
 	}
 
+	// Severity for the Debian-family buckets lives on the CVE, not the
+	// advisory. Without this every finding is stored as "unknown", which also
+	// silences every alert rule with a minimum severity.
+	meta.Enrich(results)
+
 	existing, err := services.ListFindings(ctx, sp.InstanceID, sp.ServerID)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("vulnsched: list findings %s: %v", sp.ServerID, err)
@@ -210,6 +247,10 @@ func (s *scheduler) scanOne(ctx context.Context, sp models.ServerPackages) []mod
 		return nil
 	}
 
+	log.Printf("vulnsched: server %s scanned: %d matches, %d existing, %d upserts, %d newly opened, %d reopened, %d fixed",
+		sp.ServerID, len(results), len(existing), len(diff.Upserts),
+		len(diff.NewlyOpened), len(diff.ReopenIDs), len(diff.FixedIDs))
+
 	s.clearPending(ctx, sp.ID, models.ScanStatusOK, now)
 
 	for i := range diff.NewlyOpened {

web/app/(app)/audit/page.tsx

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 import { useQuery } from "@tanstack/react-query";
 import { api, AuditEvent } from "@/lib/api";
-import { Card } from "@/components/ui";
+import { AsyncBoundary, Card, EmptyState, TableSkeleton } from "@/components/ui";
 import { Table, Thead, Tbody, Tr, Th, Td } from "@/components/ui";
 
 const EVENT_LABELS: Record<string, string> = {
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ function EventTypeBadge({ type }: { type: string }) {
 }
 
 export default function AuditPage() {
-  const { data: events, isLoading, error } = useQuery({
+  const { data: events, isLoading, error, refetch } = useQuery({
     queryKey: ["audit"],
     queryFn: () => api.listAuditEvents(200),
     refetchInterval: 30_000,
@@ -58,13 +58,19 @@ export default function AuditPage() {
       </div>
 
       <Card padding={false}>
-        {isLoading ? (
-          <div className="flex items-center justify-center py-20">
-            <div className="h-8 w-8 animate-spin rounded-full border-2 border-border border-t-accent" />
-          </div>
-        ) : error ? (
-          <div className="py-20 text-center text-danger">Failed to load audit log.</div>
-        ) : events && events.length > 0 ? (
+        <AsyncBoundary
+          isLoading={isLoading}
+          error={error}
+          onRetry={refetch}
+          skeleton={<TableSkeleton columns={5} />}
+          isEmpty={!events || events.length === 0}
+          empty={
+            <EmptyState
+              title="No audit events recorded yet."
+              description="Every mutating action — a key assigned, a workflow run, a member added — is written here as it happens."
+            />
+          }
+        >
           <Table>
             <Thead>
               <Tr>
@@ -75,7 +81,7 @@ export default function AuditPage() {
               </Tr>
             </Thead>
             <Tbody>
-              {events.map((e: AuditEvent) => (
+              {events?.map((e: AuditEvent) => (
                 <Tr key={e.id}>
                   <Td label="Time">
                     <span className="whitespace-nowrap font-mono text-xs text-text-secondary">
@@ -95,11 +101,7 @@ export default function AuditPage() {
               ))}
             </Tbody>
           </Table>
-        ) : (
-          <div className="py-20 text-center">
-            <p className="text-text-secondary text-sm">No audit events recorded yet.</p>
-          </div>
-        )}
+        </AsyncBoundary>
       </Card>
     </div>
   );

web/app/(app)/keys/page.tsx

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import { useState } from "react";
 import { useQuery, useMutation, useQueryClient } from "@tanstack/react-query";
 import Link from "next/link";
 import { api, Key } from "@/lib/api";
-import { Badge, Button, Card, CardHeader, CardTitle } from "@/components/ui";
+import { AsyncBoundary, Badge, Button, Card, CardHeader, CardTitle, EmptyState, TableSkeleton } from "@/components/ui";
 import { Table, Thead, Tbody, Tr, Th, Td } from "@/components/ui";
 
 function UploadKeyModal({ onClose }: { onClose: () => void }) {
@@ -100,6 +100,7 @@ export default function KeysPage() {
         data: keys,
         isLoading,
         error,
+        refetch,
     } = useQuery({
         queryKey: ["keys"],
         queryFn: api.listKeys,
@@ -125,13 +126,29 @@ export default function KeysPage() {
             </div>
 
             <Card padding={false}>
-                {isLoading ? (
-                    <div className="flex items-center justify-center py-20">
-                        <div className="h-8 w-8 animate-spin rounded-full border-2 border-border border-t-accent" />
-                    </div>
-                ) : error ? (
-                    <div className="py-20 text-center text-danger">Failed to load keys. Is the backend running?</div>
-                ) : keys && keys.length > 0 ? (
+                <AsyncBoundary
+                    isLoading={isLoading}
+                    error={error}
+                    onRetry={refetch}
+                    skeleton={<TableSkeleton columns={5} />}
+                    isEmpty={!keys || keys.length === 0}
+                    empty={
+                        <EmptyState
+                            title="No SSH keys yet."
+                            description="Upload a public key, or have an agent generate one on a server, then assign it to the servers that should accept it."
+                            icon={
+                                <svg className="h-6 w-6" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth={1.5} aria-hidden="true">
+                                    <path
+                                        strokeLinecap="round"
+                                        strokeLinejoin="round"
+                                        d="M15.75 5.25a3 3 0 013 3m3 0a6 6 0 01-7.029 5.912c-.563-.097-1.159.026-1.563.43L10.5 17.25H8.25v2.25H6v2.25H2.25v-2.818c0-.597.237-1.17.659-1.591l6.499-6.499c.404-.404.527-1 .43-1.563A6 6 0 1121.75 8.25z"
+                                    />
+                                </svg>
+                            }
+                            action={{ label: "Upload your first key", onClick: () => setShowUpload(true) }}
+                        />
+                    }
+                >
                     <Table>
                         <Thead>
                             <Tr>
@@ -144,7 +161,7 @@ export default function KeysPage() {
                             </Tr>
                         </Thead>
                         <Tbody>
-                            {keys.map((key: Key) => (
+                            {keys?.map((key: Key) => (
                                 <Tr key={key.key_id}>
                                     <Td label="Label">
                                         <span className="font-medium text-text-primary">{key.label}</span>
@@ -164,33 +181,16 @@ export default function KeysPage() {
                                         <span className="text-text-secondary text-xs">{new Date(key.created_at).toLocaleDateString()}</span>
                                     </Td>
                                     <Td>
-                                        <Link href={`/keys/${key.key_id}`}>
-                                            <Button variant="ghost" size="sm">
-                                                View →
-                                            </Button>
-                                        </Link>
+                                        <Button href={`/keys/${key.key_id}`} variant="ghost" size="sm">
+                                            View <span aria-hidden="true">→</span>
+                                            <span className="sr-only">{key.label}</span>
+                                        </Button>
                                     </Td>
                                 </Tr>
                             ))}
                         </Tbody>
                     </Table>
-                ) : (
-                    <div className="py-20 text-center">
-                        <div className="mx-auto mb-4 flex h-12 w-12 items-center justify-center rounded-full bg-surface-2">
-                            <svg className="h-6 w-6 text-text-secondary" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth={1.5}>
-                                <path
-                                    strokeLinecap="round"
-                                    strokeLinejoin="round"
-                                    d="M15.75 5.25a3 3 0 013 3m3 0a6 6 0 01-7.029 5.912c-.563-.097-1.159.026-1.563.43L10.5 17.25H8.25v2.25H6v2.25H2.25v-2.818c0-.597.237-1.17.659-1.591l6.499-6.499c.404-.404.527-1 .43-1.563A6 6 0 1121.75 8.25z"
-                                />
-                            </svg>
-                        </div>
-                        <p className="text-text-secondary">No SSH keys yet.</p>
-                        <Button variant="primary" size="sm" className="mt-4" onClick={() => setShowUpload(true)}>
-                            Upload your first key
-                        </Button>
-                    </div>
-                )}
+                </AsyncBoundary>
             </Card>
         </div>
     );

web/app/(app)/monitors/[id]/page.tsx

@@ -283,9 +283,9 @@ export default function MonitorDetailPage() {
                     {monitor.state.message && <p className="mt-1.5 text-sm text-text-secondary">{monitor.state.message}</p>}
                 </div>
                 <div className="flex flex-wrap gap-2">
-                    <Link href={`/monitors/${monitorId}/edit`}>
-                        <Button variant="secondary">Edit</Button>
-                    </Link>
+                    <Button href={`/monitors/${monitorId}/edit`} variant="secondary">
+                        Edit
+                    </Button>
                     <Button variant="secondary" loading={isToggling} onClick={() => toggleEnabled(!monitor.enabled)}>
                         {monitor.enabled ? "Pause checks" : "Resume checks"}
                     </Button>
@@ -384,11 +384,9 @@ export default function MonitorDetailPage() {
                                 ))}
                             </dl>
                         )}
-                        <Link href="/settings/notifications">
-                            <Button variant="secondary" size="sm" className="mt-4">
-                                Manage channels
-                            </Button>
-                        </Link>
+                        <Button href="/settings/notifications" variant="secondary" size="sm" className="mt-4">
+                            Manage channels
+                        </Button>
                     </Panel>
 
                     <div className="rounded-lg border border-border bg-surface px-5 py-4">

web/app/(app)/monitors/page.tsx

@@ -138,12 +138,12 @@ export default function MonitorsPage() {
                     <h1 className="mt-1 text-2xl font-bold tracking-tight text-text-primary">Monitors</h1>
                 </div>
                 <div className="flex gap-2">
-                    <Link href="/settings/notifications">
-                        <Button variant="secondary">Notification channels</Button>
-                    </Link>
-                    <Link href="/monitors/new">
-                        <Button variant="primary">New monitor</Button>
-                    </Link>
+                    <Button href="/settings/notifications" variant="secondary">
+                        Notification channels
+                    </Button>
+                    <Button href="/monitors/new" variant="primary">
+                        New monitor
+                    </Button>
                 </div>
             </div>
 
@@ -158,11 +158,9 @@ export default function MonitorsPage() {
                         Add a check and Vantage records uptime and response time on your interval, opens an incident when it fails, and tells the
                         channels you pick.
                     </p>
-                    <Link href="/monitors/new">
-                        <Button variant="primary" className="mt-4">
-                            Add your first check
-                        </Button>
-                    </Link>
+                    <Button href="/monitors/new" variant="primary" className="mt-4">
+                        Add your first check
+                    </Button>
                 </div>
             ) : (
                 <>

web/app/(app)/secrets/[group]/page.tsx

@@ -5,7 +5,18 @@ import { useQuery, useMutation, useQueryClient } from "@tanstack/react-query";
 import { useParams, useRouter } from "next/navigation";
 import Link from "next/link";
 import { api, Secret } from "@/lib/api";
-import { Button, Card, CardHeader, CardTitle } from "@/components/ui";
+import {
+    AsyncBoundary,
+    Button,
+    Card,
+    CardHeader,
+    CardTitle,
+    ConfirmDialog,
+    EmptyState,
+    TableSkeleton,
+    friendlyMessage,
+    useToast,
+} from "@/components/ui";
 import { Table, Thead, Tbody, Tr, Th, Td } from "@/components/ui";
 
 const inputClass =
@@ -116,17 +127,29 @@ spec:
 
 function SecretRow({ group, secret }: { group: string; secret: Secret }) {
     const queryClient = useQueryClient();
+    const toast = useToast();
     const [revealed, setRevealed] = useState<string | null>(null);
     const [copied, setCopied] = useState(false);
+    const [confirming, setConfirming] = useState(false);
 
     const { mutate: reveal, isPending: revealing } = useMutation({
         mutationFn: () => api.revealSecret(group, secret.key),
         onSuccess: (res) => setRevealed(res.value),
+        onError: toast.error,
     });
 
-    const { mutate: remove, isPending: removing } = useMutation({
+    const {
+        mutate: remove,
+        isPending: removing,
+        error: removeError,
+        reset: resetRemove,
+    } = useMutation({
         mutationFn: () => api.deleteSecret(group, secret.key),
-        onSuccess: () => queryClient.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: ["secret-group", group] }),
+        onSuccess: () => {
+            queryClient.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: ["secret-group", group] });
+            setConfirming(false);
+            toast.success(`Deleted ${secret.key}.`);
+        },
     });
 
     async function copy() {
@@ -164,15 +187,34 @@ function SecretRow({ group, secret }: { group: string; secret: Secret }) {
                     <Button
                         variant="ghost"
                         size="sm"
-                        loading={removing}
                         className="text-danger hover:text-danger"
-                        onClick={() => {
-                            if (confirm(`Delete key "${secret.key}"?`)) remove();
-                        }}
+                        onClick={() => setConfirming(true)}
                     >
-                        Delete
+                        Delete<span className="sr-only"> {secret.key}</span>
                     </Button>
                 </div>
+
+                <ConfirmDialog
+                    open={confirming}
+                    title="Delete key"
+                    confirmLabel="Delete key"
+                    loading={removing}
+                    error={removeError ? friendlyMessage(removeError) : null}
+                    onClose={() => {
+                        resetRemove();
+                        setConfirming(false);
+                    }}
+                    onConfirm={() => remove()}
+                    body={
+                        <>
+                            <p>
+                                <span className="font-mono text-text-primary">{secret.key}</span> will be removed from the{" "}
+                                <span className="font-mono text-text-primary">{group}</span> group.
+                            </p>
+                            <p>Anything reading this key — a workflow step, an External Secrets sync — starts failing at its next run.</p>
+                        </>
+                    }
+                />
             </Td>
         </Tr>
     );
@@ -225,17 +267,24 @@ export default function SecretGroupPage() {
     const router = useRouter();
     const queryClient = useQueryClient();
     const group = decodeURIComponent(String(params.group));
+    const toast = useToast();
     const [showYaml, setShowYaml] = useState(false);
+    const [confirmingGroup, setConfirmingGroup] = useState(false);
 
-    const { data, isLoading, error } = useQuery({
+    const { data, isLoading, error, refetch } = useQuery({
         queryKey: ["secret-group", group],
         queryFn: () => api.getSecretGroup(group),
     });
 
-    const { mutate: deleteGroup, isPending: deleting } = useMutation({
+    const {
+        mutate: deleteGroup,
+        isPending: deleting,
+        error: deleteError,
+    } = useMutation({
         mutationFn: () => api.deleteSecretGroup(group),
         onSuccess: () => {
             queryClient.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: ["secret-groups"] });
+            toast.success(`Deleted the ${group} group.`);
             router.push("/secrets");
         },
     });
@@ -262,30 +311,49 @@ export default function SecretGroupPage() {
                         </svg>
                         ExternalSecret YAML
                     </Button>
-                    <Button
-                        variant="ghost"
-                        className="text-danger hover:text-danger"
-                        loading={deleting}
-                        onClick={() => {
-                            if (confirm(`Delete the entire "${group}" group and all its keys?`)) deleteGroup();
-                        }}
-                    >
+                    <Button variant="ghost" className="text-danger hover:text-danger" onClick={() => setConfirmingGroup(true)}>
                         Delete Group
                     </Button>
                 </div>
             </div>
 
+            <ConfirmDialog
+                open={confirmingGroup}
+                title="Delete secret group"
+                confirmLabel="Delete group"
+                // No undo, and the blast radius is every consumer of the group
+                // rather than one key — so the name has to be typed.
+                requireTyped={group}
+                loading={deleting}
+                error={deleteError ? friendlyMessage(deleteError) : null}
+                onClose={() => setConfirmingGroup(false)}
+                onConfirm={() => deleteGroup()}
+                body={
+                    <>
+                        <p>
+                            This deletes <span className="font-mono text-text-primary">{group}</span> and all{" "}
+                            {data ? `${data.secrets.length} of its keys` : "of its keys"}. The values cannot be recovered.
+                        </p>
+                        <p>
+                            Every workflow step referencing this group, and any External Secrets sync reading{" "}
+                            <span className="font-mono">/api/secrets/{group}/values</span>, fails at its next run.
+                        </p>
+                    </>
+                }
+            />
+
             <div className="space-y-6">
                 <AddKeyCard group={group} />
 
                 <Card padding={false}>
-                    {isLoading ? (
-                        <div className="flex items-center justify-center py-20">
-                            <div className="h-8 w-8 animate-spin rounded-full border-2 border-border border-t-accent" />
-                        </div>
-                    ) : error ? (
-                        <div className="py-20 text-center text-danger">Failed to load group. It may have been deleted.</div>
-                    ) : data && data.secrets.length > 0 ? (
+                    <AsyncBoundary
+                        isLoading={isLoading}
+                        error={error}
+                        onRetry={refetch}
+                        skeleton={<TableSkeleton columns={4} />}
+                        isEmpty={!data || data.secrets.length === 0}
+                        empty={<EmptyState title="This group has no keys yet." description="Add one above and it becomes available to workflow steps and External Secrets straight away." />}
+                    >
                         <Table>
                             <Thead>
                                 <Tr>
@@ -296,14 +364,12 @@ export default function SecretGroupPage() {
                                 </Tr>
                             </Thead>
                             <Tbody>
-                                {data.secrets.map((s: Secret) => (
+                                {data?.secrets.map((s: Secret) => (
                                     <SecretRow key={s.key} group={group} secret={s} />
                                 ))}
                             </Tbody>
                         </Table>
-                    ) : (
-                        <div className="py-16 text-center text-text-secondary">This group has no keys. Add one above.</div>
-                    )}
+                    </AsyncBoundary>
                 </Card>
             </div>
         </div>

web/app/(app)/secrets/page.tsx

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import { useState } from "react";
 import { useQuery, useMutation, useQueryClient } from "@tanstack/react-query";
 import Link from "next/link";
 import { api, SecretGroupSummary } from "@/lib/api";
-import { Button, Card } from "@/components/ui";
+import { AsyncBoundary, Button, Card, EmptyState, TableSkeleton } from "@/components/ui";
 import { Table, Thead, Tbody, Tr, Th, Td } from "@/components/ui";
 
 const inputClass =
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ function NewGroupModal({ onClose }: { onClose: () => void }) {
 export default function SecretsPage() {
   const [showNew, setShowNew] = useState(false);
 
-  const { data: groups, isLoading, error } = useQuery({
+  const { data: groups, isLoading, error, refetch } = useQuery({
     queryKey: ["secret-groups"],
     queryFn: api.listSecretGroups,
   });
@@ -118,15 +118,25 @@ export default function SecretsPage() {
       </div>
 
       <Card padding={false}>
-        {isLoading ? (
-          <div className="flex items-center justify-center py-20">
-            <div className="h-8 w-8 animate-spin rounded-full border-2 border-border border-t-accent" />
-          </div>
-        ) : error ? (
-          <div className="py-20 text-center text-danger">
-            Failed to load secrets. Is the backend running?
-          </div>
-        ) : groups && groups.length > 0 ? (
+        <AsyncBoundary
+          isLoading={isLoading}
+          error={error}
+          onRetry={refetch}
+          skeleton={<TableSkeleton columns={4} />}
+          isEmpty={!groups || groups.length === 0}
+          empty={
+            <EmptyState
+              title="No secret groups yet."
+              description="A group holds related key/value pairs, encrypted at rest, and is read by workflow steps and External Secrets."
+              icon={
+                <svg className="h-6 w-6" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth={1.5} aria-hidden="true">
+                  <path strokeLinecap="round" strokeLinejoin="round" d="M16.5 10.5V6.75a4.5 4.5 0 10-9 0v3.75m-.75 11.25h10.5a2.25 2.25 0 002.25-2.25v-6.75a2.25 2.25 0 00-2.25-2.25H6.75a2.25 2.25 0 00-2.25 2.25v6.75a2.25 2.25 0 002.25 2.25z" />
+                </svg>
+              }
+              action={{ label: "Create your first group", onClick: () => setShowNew(true) }}
+            />
+          }
+        >
           <Table>
             <Thead>
               <Tr>
@@ -137,7 +147,7 @@ export default function SecretsPage() {
               </Tr>
             </Thead>
             <Tbody>
-              {groups.map((g: SecretGroupSummary) => (
+              {groups?.map((g: SecretGroupSummary) => (
                 <Tr key={g.group}>
                   <Td label="Group">
                     <span className="font-mono font-medium text-text-primary">{g.group}</span>
@@ -153,27 +163,16 @@ export default function SecretsPage() {
                     </span>
                   </Td>
                   <Td>
-                    <Link href={`/secrets/${encodeURIComponent(g.group)}`}>
-                      <Button variant="ghost" size="sm">View →</Button>
-                    </Link>
+                    <Button href={`/secrets/${encodeURIComponent(g.group)}`} variant="ghost" size="sm">
+                      View <span aria-hidden="true">→</span>
+                      <span className="sr-only">{g.group}</span>
+                    </Button>
                   </Td>
                 </Tr>
               ))}
             </Tbody>
           </Table>
-        ) : (
-          <div className="py-20 text-center">
-            <div className="mx-auto mb-4 flex h-12 w-12 items-center justify-center rounded-full bg-surface-2">
-              <svg className="h-6 w-6 text-text-secondary" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth={1.5}>
-                <path strokeLinecap="round" strokeLinejoin="round" d="M16.5 10.5V6.75a4.5 4.5 0 10-9 0v3.75m-.75 11.25h10.5a2.25 2.25 0 002.25-2.25v-6.75a2.25 2.25 0 00-2.25-2.25H6.75a2.25 2.25 0 00-2.25 2.25v6.75a2.25 2.25 0 002.25 2.25z" />
-              </svg>
-            </div>
-            <p className="text-text-secondary">No secret groups yet.</p>
-            <Button variant="primary" size="sm" className="mt-4" onClick={() => setShowNew(true)}>
-              Create your first group
-            </Button>
-          </div>
-        )}
+        </AsyncBoundary>
       </Card>
     </div>
   );

web/app/(app)/servers/[id]/page.tsx

@@ -1,17 +1,37 @@
 "use client";
 
-import { useState } from "react";
+import { useMemo, useRef, useState } from "react";
 import { useQuery, useMutation, useQueryClient } from "@tanstack/react-query";
-import { useParams, useRouter } from "next/navigation";
+import { useParams, useRouter, useSearchParams } from "next/navigation";
 import Link from "next/link";
-import { api, ServerStatus, GenerateKeyOptions, PackageUpdate, Inventory } from "@/lib/api";
-import { Badge, Button, Card, CardHeader, CardTitle } from "@/components/ui";
-import { Table, Thead, Tbody, Tr, Th, Td } from "@/components/ui";
+import { api, GenerateKeyOptions, ServerStatus, vulnerabilities, workloads as workloadsApi } from "@/lib/api";
+import { Badge } from "@/components/ui";
 import { useLicense } from "@/lib/useLicense";
 import { TagChips } from "@/components/servers/TagChips";
 import { ServerVulnerabilities } from "@/components/vulnerabilities/ServerVulnerabilities";
 import { WorkloadList } from "@/components/workloads/WorkloadList";
 import { useAuth } from "@/components/AuthProvider";
+import { GenerateKeyModal } from "@/components/servers/GenerateKeyModal";
+import { VitalsRail } from "@/components/servers/VitalsRail";
+import { ServerTabs, type TabId, type TabSpec } from "@/components/servers/ServerTabs";
+import { ServerActionsMenu, type ServerAction } from "@/components/servers/ServerActionsMenu";
+import { ArrowUpCircleIcon, ConsoleIcon, KeyIcon, RefreshIcon, ShieldIcon, TrashIcon } from "@/components/servers/icons";
+import { OverviewTab, type Attention } from "@/components/servers/tabs/OverviewTab";
+import { AccessTab } from "@/components/servers/tabs/AccessTab";
+import { MaintenanceTab } from "@/components/servers/tabs/MaintenanceTab";
+
+/*
+ * One server, as a faceplate over five tabs.
+ *
+ * The page used to stack every panel it had — agent updater, inventory,
+ * details, vulnerabilities, workloads, keys — so the answer to "is this machine
+ * healthy" was several screens below the answer to "which agent build is on
+ * it". Identity, status and the four live readings now stay pinned; everything
+ * else is a tab, and the tab labels carry counts so a problem on a tab nobody
+ * is looking at still announces itself.
+ */
+
+const TAB_IDS: TabId[] = ["overview", "workloads", "security", "access", "maintenance"];
 
 function statusVariant(status: ServerStatus) {
     switch (status) {
@@ -24,300 +44,39 @@ function statusVariant(status: ServerStatus) {
     }
 }
 
-function formatDate(dateStr: string) {
-    return new Date(dateStr).toLocaleString();
-}
-
-function formatBytes(n: number): string {
-    if (!n) return "0 B";
-    const u = ["B", "KB", "MB", "GB", "TB"];
-    const i = Math.floor(Math.log(n) / Math.log(1024));
-    return `${(n / Math.pow(1024, i)).toFixed(1)} ${u[i]}`;
-}
-
-function UsageBar({ used, total }: { used: number; total: number }) {
-    const pct = total > 0 ? Math.min(100, (used / total) * 100) : 0;
-    return (
-        <div className="h-2 w-full overflow-hidden rounded-full bg-surface-2">
-            <div className={`h-full rounded-full ${pct > 90 ? "bg-danger" : "bg-accent"}`} style={{ width: `${pct}%` }} />
-        </div>
-    );
-}
-
-function InventoryPanel({ inv }: { inv: Inventory }) {
-    return (
-        <Card>
-            <h2 className="mb-4 text-lg font-semibold text-text-primary">Inventory</h2>
-            <div className="grid gap-4 sm:grid-cols-2">
-                <div>
-                    <div className="mb-1 flex justify-between text-sm">
-                        <span className="text-text-secondary">CPU</span>
-                        <span className="text-text-primary">{inv.cpu.usage_pct.toFixed(0)}%</span>
-                    </div>
-                    <UsageBar used={inv.cpu.usage_pct} total={100} />
-                    <p className="mt-1 text-xs text-text-secondary">
-                        {inv.cpu.model} · {inv.cpu.cores} cores · load {inv.cpu.load1?.toFixed(2)}
-                    </p>
-                </div>
-                <div>
-                    <div className="mb-1 flex justify-between text-sm">
-                        <span className="text-text-secondary">Memory</span>
-                        <span className="text-text-primary">
-                            {formatBytes(inv.memory.used_bytes)} / {formatBytes(inv.memory.total_bytes)}
-                        </span>
-                    </div>
-                    <UsageBar used={inv.memory.used_bytes} total={inv.memory.total_bytes} />
-                    <div className="mb-1 mt-3 flex justify-between text-sm">
-                        <span className="text-text-secondary">Swap</span>
-                        <span className="text-text-primary">
-                            {formatBytes(inv.swap_used_bytes)} / {formatBytes(inv.swap_total_bytes)}
-                        </span>
-                    </div>
-                    <UsageBar used={inv.swap_used_bytes} total={inv.swap_total_bytes} />
-                </div>
-            </div>
-            {inv.partitions && inv.partitions.length > 0 && (
-                <div className="mt-5">
-                    <h3 className="mb-2 text-sm font-medium text-text-secondary">Partitions</h3>
-                    <div className="space-y-3">
-                        {inv.partitions.map((p) => (
-                            <div key={p.mountpoint}>
-                                <div className="mb-1 flex justify-between text-xs">
-                                    <span className="font-mono text-text-primary">{p.mountpoint}</span>
-                                    <span className="text-text-secondary">
-                                        {formatBytes(p.used_bytes)} / {formatBytes(p.total_bytes)} · {p.fstype}
-                                    </span>
-                                </div>
-                                <UsageBar used={p.used_bytes} total={p.total_bytes} />
-                            </div>
-                        ))}
-                    </div>
-                </div>
-            )}
-            {inv.kernel && <p className="mt-4 text-xs text-text-secondary">Kernel {inv.kernel}</p>}
-        </Card>
-    );
-}
-
-const KEY_SIZES: Record<string, number[]> = {
-    rsa: [2048, 3072, 4096],
-    ecdsa: [256, 384, 521],
-};
-
-const DEFAULT_SIZE: Record<string, number> = {
-    rsa: 4096,
-    ecdsa: 256,
-};
-
-function GenerateKeyModal({ onClose, onSubmit, isPending }: { onClose: () => void; onSubmit: (opts: GenerateKeyOptions) => void; isPending: boolean }) {
-    const [label, setLabel] = useState("");
-    const [keyType, setKeyType] = useState<"ed25519" | "rsa" | "ecdsa">("ed25519");
-    const [keySize, setKeySize] = useState<number>(4096);
-    const [passphrase, setPassphrase] = useState("");
-    const [comment, setComment] = useState("");
-
-    function handleKeyTypeChange(t: "ed25519" | "rsa" | "ecdsa") {
-        setKeyType(t);
-        if (t !== "ed25519") {
-            setKeySize(DEFAULT_SIZE[t]);
-        }
-    }
-
-    function handleSubmit(e: React.FormEvent) {
-        e.preventDefault();
-        onSubmit({
-            label: label || "generated",
-            key_type: keyType,
-            key_size: keyType !== "ed25519" ? keySize : undefined,
-            passphrase: passphrase || undefined,
-            comment: comment || undefined,
-        });
-    }
-
-    const sizes = KEY_SIZES[keyType];
-
-    return (
-        <div className="fixed inset-0 z-50 flex items-center justify-center">
-            <div className="absolute inset-0 bg-black/60 backdrop-blur-sm" onClick={onClose} />
-            <div className="relative z-10 w-full max-w-md rounded-xl border border-border bg-surface-1 p-6 shadow-2xl">
-                <div className="mb-5 flex items-center justify-between">
-                    <h2 className="text-lg font-semibold text-text-primary">Generate SSH Key</h2>
-                    <button onClick={onClose} className="rounded-md p-1 text-text-secondary hover:text-text-primary transition-colors">
-                        <svg className="h-5 w-5" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth={2}>
-                            <path strokeLinecap="round" strokeLinejoin="round" d="M6 18L18 6M6 6l12 12" />
-                        </svg>
-                    </button>
-                </div>
-
-                <form onSubmit={handleSubmit} className="space-y-4">
-                    <div>
-                        <label className="mb-1.5 block text-sm font-medium text-text-secondary">
-                            Label <span className="text-text-tertiary">(used as the key name in Vantage)</span>
-                        </label>
-                        <input
-                            type="text"
-                            value={label}
-                            onChange={(e) => setLabel(e.target.value)}
-                            placeholder="e.g. server-deploy-key"
-                            className="w-full rounded-lg border border-border bg-surface-2 px-3 py-2 text-sm text-text-primary placeholder:text-text-tertiary focus:border-accent/50 focus:outline-none focus:ring-1 focus:ring-accent/30"
-                        />
-                    </div>
-
-                    <div>
-                        <label className="mb-1.5 block text-sm font-medium text-text-secondary">Key Type</label>
-                        <div className="grid grid-cols-2 gap-2 sm:grid-cols-3">
-                            {(["ed25519", "rsa", "ecdsa"] as const).map((t) => (
-                                <button
-                                    key={t}
-                                    type="button"
-                                    onClick={() => handleKeyTypeChange(t)}
-                                    className={`rounded-lg border px-3 py-2 text-sm font-medium transition-colors ${
-                                        keyType === t ? "border-accent bg-accent/10 text-accent" : "border-border bg-surface-2 text-text-secondary hover:border-accent/40 hover:text-text-primary"
-                                    }`}
-                                >
-                                    {t}
-                                </button>
-                            ))}
-                        </div>
-                        {keyType === "ed25519" && <p className="mt-1.5 text-xs text-text-tertiary">Modern, fast, and secure. Recommended for new keys.</p>}
-                        {keyType === "rsa" && <p className="mt-1.5 text-xs text-text-tertiary">Widely compatible with older systems.</p>}
-                        {keyType === "ecdsa" && <p className="mt-1.5 text-xs text-text-tertiary">Elliptic curve shorter keys, good compatibility.</p>}
-                    </div>
-
-                    {sizes && (
-                        <div>
-                            <label className="mb-1.5 block text-sm font-medium text-text-secondary">Key Size (bits)</label>
-                            <select
-                                value={keySize}
-                                onChange={(e) => setKeySize(Number(e.target.value))}
-                                className="w-full rounded-lg border border-border bg-surface-2 px-3 py-2 text-sm text-text-primary focus:border-accent/50 focus:outline-none focus:ring-1 focus:ring-accent/30"
-                            >
-                                {sizes.map((s) => (
-                                    <option key={s} value={s}>
-                                        {s}
-                                    </option>
-                                ))}
-                            </select>
-                        </div>
-                    )}
-
-                    <div>
-                        <label className="mb-1.5 block text-sm font-medium text-text-secondary">
-                            Comment <span className="text-text-tertiary">(embedded in the public key)</span>
-                        </label>
-                        <input
-                            type="text"
-                            value={comment}
-                            onChange={(e) => setComment(e.target.value)}
-                            placeholder="e.g. user@hostname"
-                            className="w-full rounded-lg border border-border bg-surface-2 px-3 py-2 text-sm text-text-primary placeholder:text-text-tertiary focus:border-accent/50 focus:outline-none focus:ring-1 focus:ring-accent/30"
-                        />
-                    </div>
-
-                    <div>
-                        <label className="mb-1.5 block text-sm font-medium text-text-secondary">
-                            Passphrase <span className="text-text-tertiary">(leave blank for no passphrase)</span>
-                        </label>
-                        <input
-                            type="password"
-                            value={passphrase}
-                            onChange={(e) => setPassphrase(e.target.value)}
-                            placeholder="Optional passphrase"
-                            autoComplete="new-password"
-                            className="w-full rounded-lg border border-border bg-surface-2 px-3 py-2 text-sm text-text-primary placeholder:text-text-tertiary focus:border-accent/50 focus:outline-none focus:ring-1 focus:ring-accent/30"
-                        />
-                    </div>
-
-                    <div className="flex gap-3 pt-1">
-                        <Button type="submit" variant="primary" loading={isPending} className="flex-1">
-                            Generate Key
-                        </Button>
-                        <Button type="button" variant="ghost" onClick={onClose}>
-                            Cancel
-                        </Button>
-                    </div>
-                </form>
-            </div>
-        </div>
-    );
-}
-
-function UpdatesModal({ updates, onClose, onApply, isApplying, applySuccess }: { updates: PackageUpdate[]; onClose: () => void; onApply: () => void; isApplying: boolean; applySuccess: boolean }) {
-    return (
-        <div className="fixed inset-0 z-50 flex items-center justify-center">
-            <div className="absolute inset-0 bg-black/60 backdrop-blur-sm" onClick={onClose} />
-            <div className="relative z-10 w-full max-w-2xl rounded-xl border border-border bg-surface-1 p-6 shadow-2xl">
-                <div className="mb-5 flex items-center justify-between">
-                    <div>
-                        <h2 className="text-lg font-semibold text-text-primary">Available OS Updates</h2>
-                        <p className="mt-0.5 text-sm text-text-secondary">
-                            {updates.length} package{updates.length !== 1 ? "s" : ""} available
-                        </p>
-                    </div>
-                    <button onClick={onClose} className="rounded-md p-1 text-text-secondary hover:text-text-primary transition-colors">
-                        <svg className="h-5 w-5" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth={2}>
-                            <path strokeLinecap="round" strokeLinejoin="round" d="M6 18L18 6M6 6l12 12" />
-                        </svg>
-                    </button>
-                </div>
-
-                <div className="max-h-80 overflow-y-auto rounded-lg border border-border">
-                    <Table>
-                        <Thead>
-                            <Tr>
-                                <Th>Package</Th>
-                                <Th>Current</Th>
-                                <Th>Available</Th>
-                            </Tr>
-                        </Thead>
-                        <Tbody>
-                            {updates.map((u) => (
-                                <Tr key={u.name}>
-                                    <Td label="Package">
-                                        <span className="font-medium font-mono text-sm">{u.name}</span>
-                                    </Td>
-                                    <Td label="Current">
-                                        <span className="font-mono text-xs text-text-secondary">{u.current_version || "n/a"}</span>
-                                    </Td>
-                                    <Td label="Available">
-                                        <span className="font-mono text-xs text-success">{u.new_version}</span>
-                                    </Td>
-                                </Tr>
-                            ))}
-                        </Tbody>
-                    </Table>
-                </div>
-
-                <div className="mt-5 flex items-center gap-3">
-                    <Button variant="primary" loading={isApplying} onClick={onApply}>
-                        {applySuccess ? "Sent!" : "Apply Updates"}
-                    </Button>
-                    <Button variant="ghost" onClick={onClose}>
-                        Close
-                    </Button>
-                    <p className="ml-auto text-xs text-text-tertiary">Upgrade runs in the background. This may take several minutes.</p>
-                </div>
-            </div>
-        </div>
-    );
-}
 export default function ServerDetailPage() {
     const params = useParams();
     const router = useRouter();
+    const searchParams = useSearchParams();
     const queryClient = useQueryClient();
     const serverId = params.id as string;
-    const [confirmDelete, setConfirmDelete] = useState(false);
+
     const [showGenerateModal, setShowGenerateModal] = useState(false);
-    const [copiedUpdate, setCopiedUpdate] = useState(false);
     const [updateSuccess, setUpdateSuccess] = useState(false);
-    const [showUpdatesModal, setShowUpdatesModal] = useState(false);
     const [applySuccess, setApplySuccess] = useState(false);
+    const panelsRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
+
     const { hasFeature } = useLicense();
     // Control actions and log reads are owner|admin server-side; the UI matches
     // so a member is not offered buttons the API will refuse.
     const { isAdmin } = useAuth();
     const consoleAllowed = hasFeature("console");
 
+    const tabParam = searchParams.get("tab") as TabId | null;
+    const activeTab: TabId = tabParam && TAB_IDS.includes(tabParam) ? tabParam : "overview";
+
+    /** The tab lives in the URL so an alert, a bookmark or a browser Back can
+     *  name one. replace, not push — five tabs of history between two pages is
+     *  a Back button that does not go back. */
+    function selectTab(tab: TabId) {
+        const next = new URLSearchParams(searchParams.toString());
+        if (tab === "overview") next.delete("tab");
+        else next.set("tab", tab);
+        const query = next.toString();
+        router.replace(query ? `?${query}` : `/servers/${serverId}`, { scroll: false });
+        panelsRef.current?.scrollIntoView({ block: "start", behavior: "smooth" });
+    }
+
     const {
         data: server,
         isLoading,
@@ -328,6 +87,24 @@ export default function ServerDetailPage() {
         refetchInterval: 30_000,
     });
 
+    const { data: latestVersion } = useQuery({
+        queryKey: ["agent-latest-version"],
+        queryFn: () => api.getLatestAgentVersion(),
+        staleTime: 5 * 60_000,
+    });
+
+    // Both share their tab component's query key, so the count on the label and
+    // the list inside the tab are one fetch, not two.
+    const { data: findings } = useQuery({
+        queryKey: ["vulnerabilities", "server", serverId],
+        queryFn: () => vulnerabilities.forServer(serverId),
+    });
+
+    const { data: workloadSnapshot } = useQuery({
+        queryKey: ["workloads", serverId],
+        queryFn: () => workloadsApi.forServer(serverId),
+    });
+
     const { mutate: generateKey, isPending: isGenerating } = useMutation({
         mutationFn: (opts: GenerateKeyOptions) => api.generateKeyForServer(serverId, opts),
         onSuccess: () => {
@@ -337,12 +114,6 @@ export default function ServerDetailPage() {
         },
     });
 
-    const { data: latestVersion } = useQuery({
-        queryKey: ["agent-latest-version"],
-        queryFn: () => api.getLatestAgentVersion(),
-        staleTime: 5 * 60_000,
-    });
-
     const { mutate: triggerUpdate, isPending: isUpdating } = useMutation({
         mutationFn: () => api.updateAgent(serverId),
         onSuccess: () => {
@@ -355,12 +126,15 @@ export default function ServerDetailPage() {
         mutationFn: () => api.applyUpdates(serverId),
         onSuccess: () => {
             setApplySuccess(true);
-            setTimeout(() => {
-                setApplySuccess(false);
-                setShowUpdatesModal(false);
-            }, 2000);
+            setTimeout(() => setApplySuccess(false), 4000);
         },
     });
+
+    const { mutate: refreshWorkloads } = useMutation({
+        mutationFn: () => workloadsApi.refresh(serverId),
+        onSuccess: () => setTimeout(() => queryClient.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: ["workloads", serverId] }), 1500),
+    });
+
     const { mutate: deleteServer, isPending: isDeleting } = useMutation({
         mutationFn: () => api.deleteServer(serverId),
         onSuccess: () => {
@@ -369,6 +143,62 @@ export default function ServerDetailPage() {
         },
     });
 
+    const openFindings = useMemo(() => (findings ?? []).filter((f) => f.state === "open"), [findings]);
+    const seriousFindings = openFindings.filter((f) => f.severity === "critical" || f.severity === "high").length;
+    const updateCount = server?.available_updates?.length ?? 0;
+    const workloadCount = workloadSnapshot?.workloads?.length ?? 0;
+    const activeKeys = (server?.keys ?? []).filter((a) => a.key && !a.revoked_at).length;
+    const agentOutOfDate = !!latestVersion && !!server?.agent_version && server.agent_version !== latestVersion.version;
+
+    const attention: Attention[] = useMemo(() => {
+        if (!server) return [];
+        const items: Attention[] = [];
+
+        for (const p of server.inventory?.partitions ?? []) {
+            const pct = p.total_bytes > 0 ? (p.used_bytes / p.total_bytes) * 100 : 0;
+            if (pct >= 90) {
+                items.push({
+                    tone: "danger",
+                    title: `${p.mountpoint} is ${pct.toFixed(0)}% full`,
+                    detail: `${((p.total_bytes - p.used_bytes) / 1024 ** 3).toFixed(1)} GB free`,
+                    goTo: "overview",
+                    action: "View storage",
+                });
+            }
+        }
+        if (seriousFindings > 0) {
+            items.push({
+                tone: "danger",
+                title: `${seriousFindings} critical or high severity finding${seriousFindings !== 1 ? "s" : ""}`,
+                detail: openFindings
+                    .slice(0, 3)
+                    .map((f) => f.package_name)
+                    .join(", "),
+                goTo: "security",
+                action: "Review",
+            });
+        }
+        if (updateCount > 0) {
+            items.push({
+                tone: "warning",
+                title: `${updateCount} OS update${updateCount !== 1 ? "s" : ""} pending`,
+                detail: server.updates_checked_at ? `checked ${new Date(server.updates_checked_at).toLocaleString()}` : "never checked",
+                goTo: "maintenance",
+                action: "Apply",
+            });
+        }
+        if (agentOutOfDate) {
+            items.push({
+                tone: "warning",
+                title: `Agent is behind v${latestVersion!.version}`,
+                detail: `running v${server.agent_version}`,
+                goTo: "maintenance",
+                action: "Update",
+            });
+        }
+        return items;
+    }, [server, seriousFindings, openFindings, updateCount, agentOutOfDate, latestVersion]);
+
     if (isLoading) {
         return (
             <div className="flex h-full items-center justify-center">
@@ -380,259 +210,104 @@ export default function ServerDetailPage() {
     if (error || !server) {
         return (
             <div className="p-4 sm:p-6 lg:p-8">
-                <div className="rounded-lg border border-danger/30 bg-danger/10 p-4 text-danger">Server not found or failed to load.</div>
+                <div className="rounded border border-danger/30 bg-danger/10 p-4 text-danger">Server not found or failed to load.</div>
             </div>
         );
     }
 
+    const protocols = server.console_protocols ?? [];
+
+    const actions: ServerAction[] = [
+        ...(protocols.length > 0
+            ? protocols.map((p, i) => ({
+                  group: i === 0 ? "Console" : undefined,
+                  label: `Connect ${p.toUpperCase()}`,
+                  icon: <ConsoleIcon />,
+                  href: `/servers/${serverId}/console?protocol=${p}`,
+                  // Offered disabled rather than hidden when the licence does not
+                  // include the console: a customer cannot buy what they cannot see.
+                  disabled: !consoleAllowed,
+                  title: consoleAllowed ? undefined : "Upgrade to use the browser console",
+              }))
+            : [{ group: "Console", label: "No console protocol", icon: <ConsoleIcon />, disabled: true, title: "This host reports no console protocol" }]),
+        { group: "Manage", label: "Generate SSH key", icon: <KeyIcon />, onSelect: () => setShowGenerateModal(true), separated: true },
+        { label: "Refresh workloads", icon: <RefreshIcon />, onSelect: () => refreshWorkloads() },
+        {
+            label: "Update agent",
+            icon: <ArrowUpCircleIcon />,
+            onSelect: () => triggerUpdate(),
+            disabled: server.status !== "active" || isUpdating,
+            title: server.status !== "active" ? "Agent must be online to update" : undefined,
+        },
+        ...(updateCount > 0 ? [{ label: `Apply ${updateCount} OS update${updateCount !== 1 ? "s" : ""}`, icon: <ShieldIcon />, onSelect: () => selectTab("maintenance") }] : []),
+        { label: "Remove server", icon: <TrashIcon />, onSelect: () => selectTab("maintenance"), danger: true, separated: true },
+    ];
+
+    const tabs: TabSpec[] = [
+        { id: "overview", label: "Overview", count: attention.length, tone: attention.some((a) => a.tone === "danger") ? "danger" : "warning" },
+        { id: "workloads", label: "Workloads", count: workloadCount },
+        { id: "security", label: "Security", count: openFindings.length, tone: seriousFindings > 0 ? "danger" : "neutral" },
+        { id: "access", label: "Access", count: activeKeys },
+        { id: "maintenance", label: "Maintenance", count: updateCount, tone: "warning" },
+    ];
+
     return (
-        <div className="p-4 sm:p-6 lg:p-8">
+        <>
             {showGenerateModal && <GenerateKeyModal onClose={() => setShowGenerateModal(false)} onSubmit={(opts) => generateKey(opts)} isPending={isGenerating} />}
-            {showUpdatesModal && server.available_updates && (
-                <UpdatesModal updates={server.available_updates} onClose={() => setShowUpdatesModal(false)} onApply={() => applyUpdates()} isApplying={isApplying} applySuccess={applySuccess} />
-            )}
 
-            <div className="mb-6 flex flex-col gap-4 sm:flex-row sm:items-start sm:justify-between">
-                <div>
-                    <div className="flex items-center gap-3">
-                        <Link href="/servers" className="text-text-secondary hover:text-text-primary text-sm">
-                            ← Servers
-                        </Link>
-                    </div>
-                    <div className="mt-2 flex items-center gap-3">
-                        <h1 className="text-2xl font-bold text-text-primary">{server.hostname}</h1>
-                        <Badge variant={statusVariant(server.status)}>{server.status}</Badge>
-                    </div>
-                    <p className="mt-1 font-mono text-sm text-text-secondary">{server.ip_address}</p>
-                    <div className="mt-2">
-                        <TagChips serverId={server.server_id} tags={server.tags} editable />
+            {/*
+             * The faceplate sticks under whichever chrome is above it: the mobile
+             * top bar below lg, nothing above it. z-20 keeps it under that bar
+             * (z-40) and under the nav drawer (z-50). The scroll container is
+             * AppShell's column, not the window, which is what sticky anchors to.
+             */}
+            <div className="sticky top-14 z-20 border-b border-border bg-background/90 px-4 pt-4 backdrop-blur sm:px-6 lg:top-0 lg:px-8">
+                <Link href="/servers" className="text-sm text-text-secondary transition-colors hover:text-text-primary">
+                    ← Servers
+                </Link>
+
+                <div className="mt-2 flex flex-wrap items-center gap-x-3 gap-y-2">
+                    <h1 className="text-2xl font-bold text-text-primary">{server.hostname}</h1>
+                    <Badge variant={statusVariant(server.status)}>{server.status}</Badge>
+                    <span className="font-mono text-sm text-text-secondary">{server.ip_address}</span>
+                    <div className="ml-auto">
+                        <ServerActionsMenu actions={actions} />
                     </div>
                 </div>
-                <div className="flex flex-wrap gap-2">
-                    {/* Rendered disabled rather than hidden when the licence does not
-                        include the console: a customer cannot buy what they cannot see,
-                        and a feature that vanishes reads as a bug. */}
-                    {server.console_protocols?.map((p) => (
-                        <Link
-                            key={p}
-                            href={consoleAllowed ? `/servers/${serverId}/console?protocol=${p}` : "#"}
-                            aria-disabled={!consoleAllowed}
-                            title={consoleAllowed ? undefined : "Upgrade to use the browser console"}
-                            onClick={(e) => {
-                                if (!consoleAllowed) e.preventDefault();
-                            }}
-                            className={consoleAllowed ? undefined : "pointer-events-none opacity-50"}
-                        >
-                            <Button variant="secondary" disabled={!consoleAllowed}>
-                                <svg className="h-4 w-4" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth={1.5}>
-                                    <path
-                                        strokeLinecap="round"
-                                        strokeLinejoin="round"
-                                        d="M9 17.25v1.007a3 3 0 01-.879 2.122L7.5 21h9l-.621-.621A3 3 0 0115 18.257V17.25m6-12V15a2.25 2.25 0 01-2.25 2.25H5.25A2.25 2.25 0 013 15V5.25m18 0A2.25 2.25 0 0018.75 3H5.25A2.25 2.25 0 003 5.25m18 0V12a2.25 2.25 0 01-2.25 2.25H5.25A2.25 2.25 0 013 12V5.25"
-                                    />
-                                </svg>
-                                Connect {p.toUpperCase()}
-                            </Button>
-                        </Link>
-                    ))}
-                    {server.available_updates && server.available_updates.length > 0 && (
-                        <Button variant="secondary" onClick={() => setShowUpdatesModal(true)} className="border-warning/50 text-warning hover:border-warning hover:bg-warning/10">
-                            <svg className="h-4 w-4" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth={1.5}>
-                                <path
-                                    strokeLinecap="round"
-                                    strokeLinejoin="round"
-                                    d="M12 9v3.75m-9.303 3.376c-.866 1.5.217 3.374 1.948 3.374h14.71c1.73 0 2.813-1.874 1.948-3.374L13.949 3.378c-.866-1.5-3.032-1.5-3.898 0L2.697 16.126zM12 15.75h.007v.008H12v-.008z"
-                                />
-                            </svg>
-                            {server.available_updates.length} OS Update{server.available_updates.length !== 1 ? "s" : ""}
-                        </Button>
-                    )}
-                    <Button variant="secondary" onClick={() => setShowGenerateModal(true)}>
-                        <svg className="h-4 w-4" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth={1.5}>
-                            <path
-                                strokeLinecap="round"
-                                strokeLinejoin="round"
-                                d="M15.75 5.25a3 3 0 013 3m3 0a6 6 0 01-7.029 5.912c-.563-.097-1.159.026-1.563.43L10.5 17.25H8.25v2.25H6v2.25H2.25v-2.818c0-.597.237-1.17.659-1.591l6.499-6.499c.404-.404.527-1 .43-1.563A6 6 0 1121.75 8.25z"
-                            />
-                        </svg>
-                        Generate SSH Key
-                    </Button>
-                    {!confirmDelete ? (
-                        <Button variant="danger" onClick={() => setConfirmDelete(true)}>
-                            Remove Server
-                        </Button>
-                    ) : (
-                        <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
-                            <span className="text-sm text-danger">Are you sure?</span>
-                            <Button variant="danger" loading={isDeleting} onClick={() => deleteServer()}>
-                                Confirm
-                            </Button>
-                            <Button variant="ghost" onClick={() => setConfirmDelete(false)}>
-                                Cancel
-                            </Button>
-                        </div>
+
+                <div className="mt-2">
+                    <TagChips serverId={server.server_id} tags={server.tags} editable />
+                </div>
+
+                <VitalsRail server={server} agentUpToDate={latestVersion && server.agent_version ? !agentOutOfDate : undefined} />
+
+                <div className="mt-3">
+                    <ServerTabs tabs={tabs} active={activeTab} onSelect={selectTab} />
+                </div>
+            </div>
+
+            <div ref={panelsRef} className="p-4 sm:p-6 lg:p-8">
+                <div role="tabpanel" id={`server-panel-${activeTab}`} aria-labelledby={`server-tab-${activeTab}`}>
+                    {activeTab === "overview" && <OverviewTab server={server} attention={attention} onGoTo={selectTab} />}
+                    {activeTab === "workloads" && <WorkloadList serverId={server.server_id} canControl={isAdmin} />}
+                    {activeTab === "security" && <ServerVulnerabilities serverId={server.server_id} />}
+                    {activeTab === "access" && <AccessTab server={server} onGenerateKey={() => setShowGenerateModal(true)} />}
+                    {activeTab === "maintenance" && (
+                        <MaintenanceTab
+                            server={server}
+                            latestVersion={latestVersion?.version}
+                            onApplyUpdates={() => applyUpdates()}
+                            isApplying={isApplying}
+                            applySuccess={applySuccess}
+                            onUpdateAgent={() => triggerUpdate()}
+                            isUpdatingAgent={isUpdating}
+                            updateAgentSuccess={updateSuccess}
+                            onDelete={() => deleteServer()}
+                            isDeleting={isDeleting}
+                        />
                     )}
                 </div>
             </div>
-
-            <div className="mb-6">
-                <Card>
-                    <CardHeader>
-                        <CardTitle>Update Agent</CardTitle>
-                    </CardHeader>
-                    <div className="mb-4 flex flex-wrap items-center gap-4 text-sm">
-                        <div>
-                            <span className="text-text-secondary">Installed: </span>
-                            <span className="font-mono font-medium text-text-primary">{server.agent_version ? `v${server.agent_version}` : "unknown"}</span>
-                        </div>
-                        <div>
-                            <span className="text-text-secondary">Latest: </span>
-                            <span className="font-mono font-medium text-text-primary">{latestVersion ? `v${latestVersion.version}` : "n/a"}</span>
-                        </div>
-                        {latestVersion && server.agent_version && server.agent_version !== latestVersion.version && <Badge variant="warning">update available</Badge>}
-                        {latestVersion && server.agent_version && server.agent_version === latestVersion.version && <Badge variant="success">up to date</Badge>}
-                    </div>
-                    <div className="flex flex-wrap gap-3">
-                        <Button
-                            variant="primary"
-                            loading={isUpdating}
-                            onClick={() => triggerUpdate()}
-                            disabled={server.status !== "active"}
-                            title={server.status !== "active" ? "Agent must be online to update" : undefined}
-                        >
-                            {updateSuccess ? "Update Sent!" : "Update Agent"}
-                        </Button>
-                        <div className="relative flex-1 min-w-0 overflow-x-auto rounded-lg border border-border bg-well px-4 py-2.5 font-mono text-sm">
-                            <span className="text-accent">{server.os_info?.toLowerCase().includes("windows") ? "PS>" : "$"}</span>{" "}
-                            <span className="text-text-primary">{api.getUpdateCommand(server.os_info)}</span>
-                            <button
-                                onClick={async () => {
-                                    await navigator.clipboard.writeText(api.getUpdateCommand(server.os_info));
-                                    setCopiedUpdate(true);
-                                    setTimeout(() => setCopiedUpdate(false), 2000);
-                                }}
-                                className="absolute right-2 top-1.5 rounded-md border border-border bg-surface-2 px-2 py-0.5 text-xs font-medium text-text-secondary transition-colors hover:border-accent/50 hover:text-text-primary"
-                            >
-                                {copiedUpdate ? <span className="text-success">Copied!</span> : "Copy"}
-                            </button>
-                        </div>
-                    </div>
-                </Card>
-            </div>
-
-            {server.inventory && (
-                <div className="mb-6">
-                    <InventoryPanel inv={server.inventory} />
-                </div>
-            )}
-
-            <div className="grid grid-cols-1 gap-6 lg:grid-cols-3">
-                <Card className="lg:col-span-1">
-                    <CardHeader>
-                        <CardTitle>Details</CardTitle>
-                    </CardHeader>
-                    <dl className="space-y-3 text-sm">
-                        <div>
-                            <dt className="text-text-secondary">Server ID</dt>
-                            <dd className="mt-0.5 font-mono text-xs text-text-primary break-all">{server.server_id}</dd>
-                        </div>
-                        <div className="border-t border-border pt-3">
-                            <dt className="text-text-secondary">OS</dt>
-                            <dd className="mt-0.5 text-text-primary">{server.os_info}</dd>
-                        </div>
-                        <div className="border-t border-border pt-3">
-                            <dt className="text-text-secondary">Agent Version</dt>
-                            <dd className="mt-0.5 font-mono text-text-primary">{server.agent_version ? `v${server.agent_version}` : "unknown"}</dd>
-                        </div>
-                        <div className="border-t border-border pt-3">
-                            <dt className="text-text-secondary">Last Seen</dt>
-                            <dd className="mt-0.5 text-text-primary">{server.last_seen ? formatDate(server.last_seen) : "Never"}</dd>
-                        </div>
-                        <div className="border-t border-border pt-3">
-                            <dt className="text-text-secondary">Registered</dt>
-                            <dd className="mt-0.5 text-text-primary">{formatDate(server.created_at)}</dd>
-                        </div>
-                    </dl>
-                </Card>
-
-                <div className="lg:col-span-2">
-                    <ServerVulnerabilities serverId={server.server_id} />
-                </div>
-
-                <div className="lg:col-span-3">
-                    <WorkloadList serverId={server.server_id} canControl={isAdmin} />
-                </div>
-
-                <div className="lg:col-span-2">
-                    <Card padding={false}>
-                        <div className="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-border px-6 py-4">
-                            <h2 className="text-lg font-semibold text-text-primary">
-                                Installed SSH Keys
-                                <span className="ml-2 rounded-full bg-surface-2 px-2 py-0.5 text-xs text-text-secondary">{server.keys?.filter((k) => !k.revoked_at).length ?? 0} active</span>
-                            </h2>
-                            <Link href="/keys">
-                                <Button variant="ghost" size="sm">
-                                    Manage Keys →
-                                </Button>
-                            </Link>
-                        </div>
-
-                        {!server.keys || server.keys.length === 0 ? (
-                            <div className="py-16 text-center">
-                                <p className="text-text-secondary text-sm">No keys assigned to this server.</p>
-                                <Link href="/keys">
-                                    <Button variant="secondary" size="sm" className="mt-3">
-                                        Assign a key
-                                    </Button>
-                                </Link>
-                            </div>
-                        ) : (
-                            <Table>
-                                <Thead>
-                                    <Tr>
-                                        <Th>Label</Th>
-                                        <Th>Fingerprint</Th>
-                                        <Th>Source</Th>
-                                        <Th>Status</Th>
-                                        <Th>Assigned</Th>
-                                        <Th />
-                                    </Tr>
-                                </Thead>
-                                <Tbody>
-                                    {server.keys
-                                        .filter((a) => a.key)
-                                        .map((assignment) => (
-                                            <Tr key={assignment.key_id}>
-                                                <Td label="Label">
-                                                    <span className="font-medium">{assignment.key.label}</span>
-                                                </Td>
-                                                <Td label="Fingerprint">
-                                                    <span className="font-mono text-xs text-text-secondary">{assignment.key.fingerprint}</span>
-                                                </Td>
-                                                <Td label="Source">
-                                                    <Badge variant={assignment.key.source === "generated" ? "accent" : "neutral"}>{assignment.key.source}</Badge>
-                                                </Td>
-                                                <Td label="Status">
-                                                    <Badge variant={assignment.revoked_at ? "danger" : "success"}>{assignment.revoked_at ? "revoked" : "active"}</Badge>
-                                                </Td>
-                                                <Td label="Assigned">
-                                                    <span className="text-text-secondary text-xs">{formatDate(assignment.assigned_at)}</span>
-                                                </Td>
-                                                <Td>
-                                                    <Link href={`/keys/${assignment.key_id}`}>
-                                                        <Button variant="ghost" size="sm">
-                                                            View
-                                                        </Button>
-                                                    </Link>
-                                                </Td>
-                                            </Tr>
-                                        ))}
-                                </Tbody>
-                            </Table>
-                        )}
-                    </Card>
-                </div>
-            </div>
-        </div>
+        </>
     );
 }

web/app/(app)/servers/page.tsx

@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
 "use client";
 
-import { Suspense } from "react";
+import { Suspense, useMemo, useState } from "react";
 import { useQuery } from "@tanstack/react-query";
-import Link from "next/link";
 import { useRouter, useSearchParams } from "next/navigation";
 import { api, Server } from "@/lib/api";
-import { Button, Card } from "@/components/ui";
+import { AsyncBoundary, Button, Card, CenteredSpinner, EmptyState, TableSkeleton } from "@/components/ui";
 import { Table, Thead, Tbody, Tr, Th, Td } from "@/components/ui";
 import { TagChips } from "@/components/servers/TagChips";
 import { TagFilterBar } from "@/components/servers/TagFilterBar";
@@ -13,6 +12,23 @@ import { TagFilterBar } from "@/components/servers/TagFilterBar";
 
 type DotStatus = "offline" | "needs-update" | "has-package-updates" | "ok";
 
+type SortKey = "hostname" | "status" | "last_seen";
+
+const SORT_LABELS: Record<SortKey, string> = {
+  hostname: "Hostname",
+  status: "Status (worst first)",
+  last_seen: "Last seen (newest first)",
+};
+
+// Sorting by status means "show me what is wrong", so the order is by how much
+// attention each state wants rather than alphabetical.
+const STATUS_ORDER: Record<DotStatus, number> = {
+  offline: 0,
+  "needs-update": 1,
+  "has-package-updates": 2,
+  ok: 3,
+};
+
 function resolveStatus(server: Server, latestVersion: string | undefined): DotStatus {
   if (server.status === "offline" || server.status === "pending") return "offline";
   if (latestVersion && server.agent_version && server.agent_version !== latestVersion) return "needs-update";
@@ -37,10 +53,37 @@ const DOT_LABELS: Record<DotStatus, string> = {
   ok:                  "OK",
 };
 
+const DOT_TEXT: Record<DotStatus, string> = {
+  offline: "text-danger",
+  "needs-update": "text-warning",
+  "has-package-updates": "text-accent",
+  ok: "text-success",
+};
+
+// Short forms for the desktop column, which is narrow. The full sentence is
+// still the accessible name, so nothing is lost to a screen reader.
+const DOT_SHORT: Record<DotStatus, string> = {
+  offline: "Offline",
+  "needs-update": "Agent stale",
+  "has-package-updates": "Updates",
+  ok: "OK",
+};
+
+/*
+ * The dot alone was the whole control: four meanings carried by hue, with the
+ * distinction living in a `title` a touch user never sees and a screen reader
+ * is not obliged to announce. This is the one rule the design system states
+ * outright — state never reads by colour alone — so the label is now part of
+ * the component rather than something each page remembers to add.
+ */
 function StatusDot({ status }: { status: DotStatus }) {
   return (
-    <span title={DOT_LABELS[status]} className="flex items-center">
-      <span className={`inline-block h-2.5 w-2.5 rounded-full ${DOT_CLASSES[status]}`} />
+    <span className={`inline-flex items-center gap-2 whitespace-nowrap ${DOT_TEXT[status]}`}>
+      <span className={`inline-block h-2.5 w-2.5 shrink-0 rounded-full ${DOT_CLASSES[status]}`} aria-hidden="true" />
+      <span className="font-mono text-[0.65rem] uppercase tracking-[0.08em]" aria-hidden="true">
+        {DOT_SHORT[status]}
+      </span>
+      <span className="sr-only">{DOT_LABELS[status]}</span>
     </span>
   );
 }
@@ -82,7 +125,7 @@ function ServersPageBody() {
     router.replace(qs ? `/servers?${qs}` : "/servers");
   }
 
-  const { data: servers, isLoading, error } = useQuery({
+  const { data: servers, isLoading, error, refetch } = useQuery({
     queryKey: ["servers", selected],
     queryFn: () => api.listServers(selected),
     refetchInterval: 30_000,
@@ -95,37 +138,130 @@ function ServersPageBody() {
   });
   const latestVersion = latestVersionData?.version;
 
+  const [search, setSearch] = useState("");
+  const [sort, setSort] = useState<SortKey>("hostname");
+
+  const visible = useMemo(() => {
+    const q = search.trim().toLowerCase();
+    const matched = q
+      ? (servers ?? []).filter((s) =>
+          [s.hostname, s.ip_address, s.os_info].some((field) => field?.toLowerCase().includes(q)),
+        )
+      : (servers ?? []);
+
+    // Sorted on a copy: the query cache's array is not ours to reorder.
+    return [...matched].sort((a, b) => {
+      switch (sort) {
+        case "status":
+          // Whatever needs attention first, which is the reason to sort by
+          // status at all.
+          return STATUS_ORDER[resolveStatus(a, latestVersion)] - STATUS_ORDER[resolveStatus(b, latestVersion)];
+        case "last_seen":
+          return new Date(b.last_seen ?? 0).getTime() - new Date(a.last_seen ?? 0).getTime();
+        default:
+          return a.hostname.localeCompare(b.hostname);
+      }
+    });
+  }, [servers, search, sort, latestVersion]);
+
   return (
     <div className="p-4 sm:p-6 lg:p-8">
       <div className="mb-6 flex flex-col gap-3 sm:flex-row sm:items-center sm:justify-between">
         <div>
           <h1 className="text-2xl font-bold text-text-primary">Servers</h1>
-          <p className="mt-1 text-sm text-text-secondary">
-            {servers?.length ?? 0} registered server{servers?.length !== 1 ? "s" : ""}
+          <p className="mt-1 text-sm text-text-secondary" aria-live="polite">
+            {/* Showing the filtered count beside the total is what stops a
+                search reading as "the fleet shrank". */}
+            {visible.length === (servers?.length ?? 0)
+              ? `${servers?.length ?? 0} registered server${servers?.length !== 1 ? "s" : ""}`
+              : `${visible.length} of ${servers?.length ?? 0} servers`}
           </p>
         </div>
-        <Link href="/servers/new">
-          <Button variant="primary">
-            <svg className="h-4 w-4" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth={2}>
-              <path strokeLinecap="round" strokeLinejoin="round" d="M12 4.5v15m7.5-7.5h-15" />
-            </svg>
-            Add Server
-          </Button>
-        </Link>
+        <Button href="/servers/new" variant="primary">
+          <svg className="h-4 w-4" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth={2} aria-hidden="true">
+            <path strokeLinecap="round" strokeLinejoin="round" d="M12 4.5v15m7.5-7.5h-15" />
+          </svg>
+          Add Server
+        </Button>
       </div>
 
       <TagFilterBar value={selected} onChange={setSelected} />
 
+      <div className="mb-4 flex flex-col gap-2 sm:flex-row sm:items-center">
+        <div className="relative flex-1">
+          <label htmlFor="fleet-search" className="sr-only">
+            Search servers by hostname, address or OS
+          </label>
+          <input
+            id="fleet-search"
+            type="search"
+            value={search}
+            onChange={(e) => setSearch(e.target.value)}
+            placeholder="Search hostname, address or OS…"
+            className="w-full rounded border border-border bg-surface px-3 py-2 text-sm text-text-primary placeholder-text-secondary/60 focus:border-accent focus:outline-none focus:ring-1 focus:ring-accent"
+          />
+        </div>
+        <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
+          <label htmlFor="fleet-sort" className="font-mono text-[0.68rem] uppercase tracking-[0.13em] text-text-secondary">
+            Sort
+          </label>
+          <select
+            id="fleet-sort"
+            value={sort}
+            onChange={(e) => setSort(e.target.value as SortKey)}
+            className="rounded border border-border bg-surface px-3 py-2 text-sm text-text-primary focus:border-accent focus:outline-none focus:ring-1 focus:ring-accent"
+          >
+            {(Object.keys(SORT_LABELS) as SortKey[]).map((k) => (
+              <option key={k} value={k}>
+                {SORT_LABELS[k]}
+              </option>
+            ))}
+          </select>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+
       <Card padding={false}>
-        {isLoading ? (
-          <div className="flex items-center justify-center py-20">
-            <div className="h-8 w-8 animate-spin rounded-full border-2 border-border border-t-accent" />
-          </div>
-        ) : error ? (
-          <div className="py-20 text-center text-danger">
-            Failed to load servers. Is the backend running?
-          </div>
-        ) : servers && servers.length > 0 ? (
+        <AsyncBoundary
+          isLoading={isLoading}
+          error={error}
+          onRetry={refetch}
+          skeleton={<TableSkeleton columns={6} />}
+          isEmpty={visible.length === 0}
+          empty={
+            /* Narrowed to nothing is not the same as owning nothing. Telling a
+               customer with a full fleet to "add your first server" because a
+               tag filter matched none of it is the version of this that gets
+               screenshotted. */
+            search.trim() || Object.keys(selected).length > 0 ? (
+              <EmptyState
+                title="No servers match those filters."
+                description={
+                  Object.keys(selected).length > 0 && search.trim()
+                    ? "Nothing matches both the tag filter and the search."
+                    : Object.keys(selected).length > 0
+                      ? "No server carries every tag selected above."
+                      : "Clear the search to see the rest of the fleet."
+                }
+                action={
+                  search.trim()
+                    ? { label: "Clear search", onClick: () => setSearch("") }
+                    : { label: "Clear filters", onClick: () => setSelected({}) }
+                }
+              />
+            ) : (
+              <EmptyState
+                title="No servers registered yet."
+                description="Add one and Vantage gives you an install one-liner to run on it."
+                icon={
+                  <svg className="h-6 w-6" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth={1.5} aria-hidden="true">
+                    <path strokeLinecap="round" strokeLinejoin="round" d="M5.25 14.25h13.5m-13.5 0a3 3 0 01-3-3m3 3a3 3 0 100 6h13.5a3 3 0 100-6m-16.5-3a3 3 0 013-3h13.5a3 3 0 013 3m-19.5 0a4.5 4.5 0 01.9-2.7L5.737 5.1a3.375 3.375 0 012.7-1.35h7.126c1.062 0 2.062.5 2.7 1.35l2.587 3.45a4.5 4.5 0 01.9 2.7" />
+                  </svg>
+                }
+                action={{ label: "Add your first server", href: "/servers/new" }}
+              />
+            )
+          }
+        >
           <Table>
             <Thead>
               <Tr>
@@ -139,7 +275,7 @@ function ServersPageBody() {
               </Tr>
             </Thead>
             <Tbody>
-              {servers.map((server: Server) => (
+              {visible.map((server: Server) => (
                 <Tr key={server.server_id}>
                   <Td label="Hostname">
                     <span className="font-medium text-text-primary">
@@ -161,38 +297,32 @@ function ServersPageBody() {
                     <StatusDot status={resolveStatus(server, latestVersion)} />
                   </Td>
                   <Td label="Last Seen">
-                    <span className="text-text-secondary">
-                      {server.last_seen
-                        ? formatLastSeen(server.last_seen)
-                        : "Never"}
-                    </span>
+                    {server.last_seen ? (
+                      // "3d ago" is the useful reading; the exact instant is
+                      // what someone correlating an incident needs, so it is on
+                      // the element rather than gone.
+                      <time
+                        dateTime={server.last_seen}
+                        title={new Date(server.last_seen).toLocaleString()}
+                        className="text-text-secondary"
+                      >
+                        {formatLastSeen(server.last_seen)}
+                      </time>
+                    ) : (
+                      <span className="text-text-secondary">Never</span>
+                    )}
                   </Td>
                   <Td>
-                    <Link href={`/servers/${server.server_id}`}>
-                      <Button variant="ghost" size="sm">
-                        View →
-                      </Button>
-                    </Link>
+                    <Button href={`/servers/${server.server_id}`} variant="ghost" size="sm">
+                      View <span aria-hidden="true">→</span>
+                      <span className="sr-only">{server.hostname}</span>
+                    </Button>
                   </Td>
                 </Tr>
               ))}
             </Tbody>
           </Table>
-        ) : (
-          <div className="py-20 text-center">
-            <div className="mx-auto mb-4 flex h-12 w-12 items-center justify-center rounded-full bg-surface-2">
-              <svg className="h-6 w-6 text-text-secondary" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth={1.5}>
-                <path strokeLinecap="round" strokeLinejoin="round" d="M5.25 14.25h13.5m-13.5 0a3 3 0 01-3-3m3 3a3 3 0 100 6h13.5a3 3 0 100-6m-16.5-3a3 3 0 013-3h13.5a3 3 0 013 3m-19.5 0a4.5 4.5 0 01.9-2.7L5.737 5.1a3.375 3.375 0 012.7-1.35h7.126c1.062 0 2.062.5 2.7 1.35l2.587 3.45a4.5 4.5 0 01.9 2.7m0 0a3 3 0 01-3 3m0 3h.008v.008h-.008v-.008zm0-6h.008v.008h-.008v-.008zm-3 6h.008v.008h-.008v-.008zm0-6h.008v.008h-.008v-.008z" />
-              </svg>
-            </div>
-            <p className="text-text-secondary">No servers registered yet.</p>
-            <Link href="/servers/new">
-              <Button variant="primary" size="sm" className="mt-4">
-                Add your first server
-              </Button>
-            </Link>
-          </div>
-        )}
+        </AsyncBoundary>
       </Card>
     </div>
   );
@@ -200,13 +330,7 @@ function ServersPageBody() {
 
 export default function ServersPage() {
   return (
-    <Suspense
-      fallback={
-        <div className="flex items-center justify-center p-20">
-          <div className="h-8 w-8 animate-spin rounded-full border-2 border-border border-t-accent" />
-        </div>
-      }
-    >
+    <Suspense fallback={<CenteredSpinner label="Loading fleet" />}>
       <ServersPageBody />
     </Suspense>
   );

web/app/(app)/settings/page.tsx

@@ -229,12 +229,12 @@ export default function SettingsPage() {
                 <Group label="Monitoring">
                     <SectionCard title="Alerting" description="Alerts are delivered through notification channels, triggered by service monitors and by servers going offline." icon={<BellIcon />}>
                         <div className="flex flex-wrap gap-3">
-                            <Link href="/settings/notifications">
-                                <Button variant="secondary">Manage notification channels</Button>
-                            </Link>
-                            <Link href="/monitors">
-                                <Button variant="ghost">View monitors</Button>
-                            </Link>
+                            <Button href="/settings/notifications" variant="secondary">
+                                Manage notification channels
+                            </Button>
+                            <Button href="/monitors" variant="ghost">
+                                View monitors
+                            </Button>
                         </div>
                         <p className="mt-4 text-xs text-text-tertiary">
                             Webhook, email (SMTP), Discord, Slack, and Telegram destinations are configured under Notification Channels and attached per monitor.

web/app/(app)/steps/page.tsx

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 import { useMemo, useRef, useState } from "react";
 import { useQuery, useQueryClient } from "@tanstack/react-query";
 import { api, WorkflowStep } from "@/lib/api";
-import { Button, Card } from "@/components/ui";
+import { AsyncBoundary, Button, Card, EmptyState, TableSkeleton } from "@/components/ui";
 import { Table, Thead, Tbody, Tr, Th, Td } from "@/components/ui";
 import { EditStepModal } from "@/components/workflows/EditStepModal";
 
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ function ShellBadge({ interpreter }: { interpreter: "bash" | "powershell" }) {
 
 export default function StepsPage() {
     const qc = useQueryClient();
-    const { data: steps, isLoading, error: loadError } = useQuery({ queryKey: ["steps"], queryFn: api.listSteps });
+    const { data: steps, isLoading, error: loadError, refetch } = useQuery({ queryKey: ["steps"], queryFn: api.listSteps });
     const { data: usage } = useQuery({ queryKey: ["step-usage"], queryFn: api.stepUsage });
 
     const [search, setSearch] = useState("");
@@ -134,13 +134,34 @@ export default function StepsPage() {
             </div>
 
             <Card padding={false}>
-                {isLoading ? (
-                    <div className="flex items-center justify-center py-20">
-                        <div className="h-8 w-8 animate-spin rounded-full border-2 border-border border-t-accent" />
-                    </div>
-                ) : loadError ? (
-                    <div className="py-20 text-center text-danger">Failed to load steps. Is the backend running?</div>
-                ) : rows.length > 0 ? (
+                <AsyncBoundary
+                    isLoading={isLoading}
+                    error={loadError}
+                    onRetry={refetch}
+                    skeleton={<TableSkeleton columns={5} />}
+                    isEmpty={rows.length === 0}
+                    empty={
+                        // Filtered to nothing and owning nothing are different
+                        // situations and want different ways out.
+                        steps && steps.length > 0 ? (
+                            <EmptyState
+                                title="No steps match that filter."
+                                description="Clear the search or pick a different source to see the rest of the library."
+                            />
+                        ) : (
+                            <EmptyState
+                                title="No steps yet."
+                                description="A step is one script with declared inputs and outputs. Workflows are built by composing them."
+                                icon={
+                                    <svg className="h-6 w-6" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth={1.5} aria-hidden="true">
+                                        <path strokeLinecap="round" strokeLinejoin="round" d="M6.75 7.5l3 2.25-3 2.25m4.5 0h3m-9 8.25h13.5A2.25 2.25 0 0021 18V6a2.25 2.25 0 00-2.25-2.25H5.25A2.25 2.25 0 003 6v12a2.25 2.25 0 002.25 2.25z" />
+                                    </svg>
+                                }
+                                action={{ label: "Create your first step", onClick: openNew }}
+                            />
+                        )
+                    }
+                >
                     <Table>
                         <Thead>
                             <Tr>
@@ -204,21 +225,7 @@ export default function StepsPage() {
                             })}
                         </Tbody>
                     </Table>
-                ) : (
-                    <div className="py-20 text-center">
-                        <div className="mx-auto mb-4 flex h-12 w-12 items-center justify-center rounded-full bg-surface-2">
-                            <svg className="h-6 w-6 text-text-secondary" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth={1.5}>
-                                <path strokeLinecap="round" strokeLinejoin="round" d="M6.75 7.5l3 2.25-3 2.25m4.5 0h3m-9 8.25h13.5A2.25 2.25 0 0021 18V6a2.25 2.25 0 00-2.25-2.25H5.25A2.25 2.25 0 003 6v12a2.25 2.25 0 002.25 2.25z" />
-                            </svg>
-                        </div>
-                        <p className="text-text-secondary">{steps && steps.length > 0 ? "No steps match that filter." : "No steps yet."}</p>
-                        {(!steps || steps.length === 0) && (
-                            <Button variant="primary" size="sm" className="mt-4" onClick={openNew}>
-                                Create your first step
-                            </Button>
-                        )}
-                    </div>
-                )}
+                </AsyncBoundary>
             </Card>
 
             <EditStepModal

web/app/(app)/vulnerabilities/page.tsx

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import { useMemo, useState } from "react";
 import { useMutation, useQuery, useQueryClient } from "@tanstack/react-query";
 import { api, vulnerabilities, type FindingState, type Severity, type VulnFinding } from "@/lib/api";
 import { useAuth } from "@/components/AuthProvider";
-import { Button, Card } from "@/components/ui";
+import { Button, Card, Pagination, usePagination } from "@/components/ui";
 import { AcceptDialog } from "@/components/vulnerabilities/AcceptDialog";
 import { DBFreshness } from "@/components/vulnerabilities/DBFreshness";
 import { PackageRow } from "@/components/vulnerabilities/PackageRow";
@@ -26,17 +26,33 @@ import { groupByPackage } from "@/lib/vulnPackages";
 
 const STATES: FindingState[] = ["open", "accepted", "fixed"];
 
+/*
+ * The fix filter. "Unfixable" is not a synonym for "ignorable": those findings
+ * are the ones whose action is to remove the package, disable the service or
+ * move off an end-of-life release, and they are invisible in a list sorted for
+ * patching. Splitting them is what lets the patchable list be worked top to
+ * bottom without them quietly disappearing.
+ */
+const FIX_FILTERS: { key: string; label: string; hasFix: boolean | undefined }[] = [
+    { key: "all", label: "All", hasFix: undefined },
+    { key: "fixable", label: "Fix available", hasFix: true },
+    { key: "nofix", label: "No fix", hasFix: false },
+];
+
 export default function VulnerabilitiesPage() {
     const { isAdmin } = useAuth();
     const qc = useQueryClient();
 
     const [state, setState] = useState<FindingState>("open");
     const [severity, setSeverity] = useState<Severity | "">("");
+    const [fixFilter, setFixFilter] = useState("all");
     const [accepting, setAccepting] = useState<VulnFinding | null>(null);
 
+    const hasFix = FIX_FILTERS.find((f) => f.key === fixFilter)?.hasFix;
+
     const groups = useQuery({
-        queryKey: ["vulnerabilities", state, severity],
-        queryFn: () => vulnerabilities.list({ state, severity: severity || undefined }),
+        queryKey: ["vulnerabilities", state, severity, fixFilter],
+        queryFn: () => vulnerabilities.list({ state, severity: severity || undefined, hasFix }),
     });
 
     const summary = useQuery({
@@ -48,6 +64,10 @@ export default function VulnerabilitiesPage() {
 
     const packages = useMemo(() => groupByPackage(groups.data ?? []), [groups.data]);
 
+    // Each package row carries its own findings and servers underneath it, so
+    // the cost of a full fleet's board is well past the row count alone.
+    const paged = usePagination(packages, 25);
+
     const serverName = useMemo(() => {
         const byId = new Map((servers.data ?? []).map((s) => [s.server_id, s.hostname]));
         // Falls back to the raw id rather than an empty cell: an unnamed row is
@@ -95,7 +115,7 @@ export default function VulnerabilitiesPage() {
                 </div>
                 {isAdmin && (
                     <Button variant="secondary" loading={rescan.isPending} onClick={() => rescan.mutate()}>
-                        Rescan fleet
+                        Rescan
                     </Button>
                 )}
             </div>
@@ -111,11 +131,12 @@ export default function VulnerabilitiesPage() {
                 {SEVERITY_ORDER.map((s) => (
                     <button
                         key={s}
-                        onClick={() => setSeverity(severity === s ? "" : s)}
+                        onClick={() => {
+                            setSeverity(severity === s ? "" : s);
+                            paged.reset();
+                        }}
                         aria-pressed={severity === s}
-                        className={`flex items-center gap-2 rounded-lg border px-2.5 py-1.5 text-left transition-colors ${
-                            severity === s ? "border-accent bg-surface-2" : "border-transparent hover:bg-surface-2"
-                        }`}
+                        className={`flex items-center gap-2 rounded-lg border px-2.5 py-1.5 text-left transition-colors ${severity === s ? "border-accent bg-surface-2" : "border-transparent hover:bg-surface-2"}`}
                     >
                         <SeverityBadge severity={s} />
                         <span className="font-mono text-lg font-semibold tabular-nums text-text-primary">{counts[s] ?? 0}</span>
@@ -123,26 +144,39 @@ export default function VulnerabilitiesPage() {
                 ))}
             </div>
 
-            <div className="mb-4 flex gap-2">
+            <div className="mb-4 flex flex-wrap items-center gap-2">
                 {STATES.map((s) => (
                     <button
                         key={s}
-                        onClick={() => setState(s)}
+                        onClick={() => {
+                            setState(s);
+                            paged.reset();
+                        }}
                         aria-pressed={state === s}
-                        className={`rounded-lg border px-3 py-1.5 text-sm capitalize transition-colors ${
-                            state === s ? "border-accent text-accent" : "border-border text-text-secondary hover:text-text-primary"
-                        }`}
+                        className={`rounded-lg border px-3 py-1.5 text-sm capitalize transition-colors ${state === s ? "border-accent text-accent" : "border-border text-text-secondary hover:text-text-primary"}`}
                     >
                         {s}
                     </button>
                 ))}
+
+                <span aria-hidden className="mx-1 h-5 w-px bg-border" />
+
+                {FIX_FILTERS.map((f) => (
+                    <button
+                        key={f.key}
+                        onClick={() => {
+                            setFixFilter(f.key);
+                            paged.reset();
+                        }}
+                        aria-pressed={fixFilter === f.key}
+                        className={`rounded-lg border px-3 py-1.5 text-sm transition-colors ${fixFilter === f.key ? "border-accent text-accent" : "border-border text-text-secondary hover:text-text-primary"}`}
+                    >
+                        {f.label}
+                    </button>
+                ))}
             </div>
 
-            {groups.error && (
-                <div className="mb-4 rounded-lg border border-danger/30 bg-danger/10 px-3 py-2 text-sm text-danger">
-                    {(groups.error as Error).message}
-                </div>
-            )}
+            {groups.error && <div className="mb-4 rounded-lg border border-danger/30 bg-danger/10 px-3 py-2 text-sm text-danger">{(groups.error as Error).message}</div>}
 
             <Card padding={false}>
                 {groups.isLoading ? (
@@ -150,40 +184,32 @@ export default function VulnerabilitiesPage() {
                         <div className="h-8 w-8 animate-spin rounded-full border-2 border-border border-t-accent" />
                     </div>
                 ) : packages.length > 0 ? (
-                    packages.map((g) => (
-                        <PackageRow
-                            key={g.package_name}
-                            group={g}
-                            serverName={serverName}
-                            canAct={isAdmin}
-                            onAccept={setAccepting}
-                            onUnaccept={(f) => unaccept.mutate(f.id)}
-                            onApplyUpdates={(serverId) => applyUpdates.mutate(serverId)}
-                            applying={applyUpdates.isPending ? (applyUpdates.variables as string) : undefined}
-                        />
-                    ))
+                    <>
+                        {paged.slice.map((g) => (
+                            <PackageRow key={g.package_name} group={g} serverName={serverName} canAct={isAdmin} onAccept={setAccepting} onUnaccept={(f) => unaccept.mutate(f.id)} onApplyUpdates={(serverId) => applyUpdates.mutate(serverId)} applying={applyUpdates.isPending ? (applyUpdates.variables as string) : undefined} />
+                        ))}
+                        <Pagination page={paged.page} pageCount={paged.pageCount} size={paged.size} total={paged.total} onPage={paged.setPage} onSize={paged.setSize} unit="packages" />
+                    </>
                 ) : (
                     <div className="px-6 py-14 text-center">
                         <p className="text-[15px] font-semibold text-text-primary">
-                            No {state} findings{severity ? ` at ${severity} severity` : ""}.
+                            No {state} findings{severity ? ` at ${severity} severity` : ""}
+                            {hasFix === true ? " with a fix available" : hasFix === false ? " without a vendor fix" : ""}.
                         </p>
+                        {/* Named explicitly, because "no findings" under a filter
+                            the reader has forgotten setting reads as a clean
+                            fleet — the one claim this page must never make by
+                            accident. */}
                         <p className="mx-auto mt-2 max-w-[52ch] text-sm text-text-secondary">
-                            Servers report their packages hourly. A server whose distribution has no advisory feed is reported as unsupported
-                            on its own page rather than counted as clean here.
+                            {hasFix !== undefined
+                                ? "This is a filtered view. Switch to All to see every finding in this state."
+                                : "Servers report their packages hourly. A server whose distribution has no advisory feed is reported as unsupported on its own page rather than counted as clean here."}
                         </p>
                     </div>
                 )}
             </Card>
 
-            {accepting && (
-                <AcceptDialog
-                    finding={accepting}
-                    serverName={serverName(accepting.server_id)}
-                    pending={accept.isPending}
-                    onClose={() => setAccepting(null)}
-                    onAccept={(reason, until) => accept.mutate({ id: accepting.id, reason, until })}
-                />
-            )}
+            {accepting && <AcceptDialog finding={accepting} serverName={serverName(accepting.server_id)} pending={accept.isPending} onClose={() => setAccepting(null)} onAccept={(reason, until) => accept.mutate({ id: accepting.id, reason, until })} />}
         </div>
     );
 }

web/app/(app)/workflows/page.tsx

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import Link from "next/link";
 import { useRouter } from "next/navigation";
 import { useQuery, useMutation, useQueryClient } from "@tanstack/react-query";
 import { api, Workflow } from "@/lib/api";
-import { Button, Card } from "@/components/ui";
+import { AsyncBoundary, Button, Card, EmptyState, TableSkeleton } from "@/components/ui";
 import { Table, Thead, Tbody, Tr, Th, Td } from "@/components/ui";
 import { resolveTargets } from "@/lib/targets";
 
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ export default function WorkflowsPage() {
         data: workflows,
         isLoading,
         error: loadError,
+        refetch,
     } = useQuery({
         queryKey: ["workflows"],
         queryFn: api.listWorkflows,
@@ -57,13 +58,25 @@ export default function WorkflowsPage() {
             {error && <div className="mb-4 rounded-lg border border-danger/30 bg-danger/10 px-3 py-2 text-sm text-danger">{error}</div>}
 
             <Card padding={false}>
-                {isLoading ? (
-                    <div className="flex items-center justify-center py-20">
-                        <div className="h-8 w-8 animate-spin rounded-full border-2 border-border border-t-accent" />
-                    </div>
-                ) : loadError ? (
-                    <div className="py-20 text-center text-danger">Failed to load workflows. Is the backend running?</div>
-                ) : workflows && workflows.length > 0 ? (
+                <AsyncBoundary
+                    isLoading={isLoading}
+                    error={loadError}
+                    onRetry={refetch}
+                    skeleton={<TableSkeleton columns={5} />}
+                    isEmpty={!workflows || workflows.length === 0}
+                    empty={
+                        <EmptyState
+                            title="No workflows yet."
+                            description="A workflow composes library steps and runs them across the servers you target, by name or by tag."
+                            icon={
+                                <svg className="h-6 w-6" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth={1.5} aria-hidden="true">
+                                    <path strokeLinecap="round" strokeLinejoin="round" d="M9.594 3.94c.09-.542.56-.94 1.11-.94h2.593c.55 0 1.02.398 1.11.94l.213 1.281M15 12a3 3 0 11-6 0 3 3 0 016 0z" />
+                                </svg>
+                            }
+                            action={{ label: "Create your first workflow", onClick: () => create(), loading: isPending }}
+                        />
+                    }
+                >
                     <Table>
                         <Thead>
                             <Tr>
@@ -75,7 +88,7 @@ export default function WorkflowsPage() {
                             </Tr>
                         </Thead>
                         <Tbody>
-                            {workflows.map((w: Workflow) => (
+                            {workflows?.map((w: Workflow) => (
                                 <Tr key={w.workflow_id}>
                                     <Td label="Name">
                                         <span className="font-medium text-text-primary">{w.name}</span>
@@ -113,35 +126,20 @@ export default function WorkflowsPage() {
                                     </Td>
                                     <Td>
                                         <div className="flex items-center justify-end gap-2">
-                                            <Link href={`/workflows/${w.workflow_id}/runs`}>
-                                                <Button variant="ghost" size="sm">
-                                                    Runs
-                                                </Button>
-                                            </Link>
-                                            <Link href={`/workflows/${w.workflow_id}`}>
-                                                <Button variant="ghost" size="sm">
-                                                    Open →
-                                                </Button>
-                                            </Link>
+                                            <Button href={`/workflows/${w.workflow_id}/runs`} variant="ghost" size="sm">
+                                                Runs<span className="sr-only"> for {w.name}</span>
+                                            </Button>
+                                            <Button href={`/workflows/${w.workflow_id}`} variant="ghost" size="sm">
+                                                Open <span aria-hidden="true">→</span>
+                                                <span className="sr-only">{w.name}</span>
+                                            </Button>
                                         </div>
                                     </Td>
                                 </Tr>
                             ))}
                         </Tbody>
                     </Table>
-                ) : (
-                    <div className="py-20 text-center">
-                        <div className="mx-auto mb-4 flex h-12 w-12 items-center justify-center rounded-full bg-surface-2">
-                            <svg className="h-6 w-6 text-text-secondary" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth={1.5}>
-                                <path strokeLinecap="round" strokeLinejoin="round" d="M9.594 3.94c.09-.542.56-.94 1.11-.94h2.593c.55 0 1.02.398 1.11.94l.213 1.281M15 12a3 3 0 11-6 0 3 3 0 016 0z" />
-                            </svg>
-                        </div>
-                        <p className="text-text-secondary">No workflows yet.</p>
-                        <Button variant="primary" size="sm" className="mt-4" loading={isPending} onClick={() => create()}>
-                            Create your first workflow
-                        </Button>
-                    </div>
-                )}
+                </AsyncBoundary>
             </Card>
         </div>
     );

web/app/(app)/workloads/page.tsx

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 import { useMemo, useState } from "react";
 import Link from "next/link";
 import { useQuery } from "@tanstack/react-query";
-import { Badge, Button, Card, Table, Thead, Tbody, Tr, Th, Td } from "@/components/ui";
+import { Badge, Button, Card, Pagination, Table, Thead, Tbody, Tr, Th, Td, usePagination } from "@/components/ui";
 import { api, workloads } from "@/lib/api";
 
 /*
@@ -29,6 +29,11 @@ export default function WorkloadsPage() {
         return m;
     }, [servers.data]);
 
+    // A fleet of a few hundred servers reports tens of thousands of workloads;
+    // the whole set in one table is what freezes the tab.
+    const rows = useMemo(() => hits.data ?? [], [hits.data]);
+    const paged = usePagination(rows, 50);
+
     const inputClass =
         "w-full rounded border border-border bg-surface-2 px-3 py-2 text-sm text-text-primary placeholder:text-text-tertiary focus:border-accent focus:outline-none";
 
@@ -45,6 +50,7 @@ export default function WorkloadsPage() {
                     onSubmit={(e) => {
                         e.preventDefault();
                         setApplied({ image: image.trim(), stack: stack.trim(), state: state.trim() });
+                        paged.reset();
                     }}
                 >
                     <input className={inputClass} placeholder="image (exact)" value={image} onChange={(e) => setImage(e.target.value)} />
@@ -59,9 +65,10 @@ export default function WorkloadsPage() {
             <Card padding={false}>
                 {hits.isLoading ? (
                     <p className="px-6 py-5 text-sm text-text-secondary">Loading…</p>
-                ) : (hits.data ?? []).length === 0 ? (
+                ) : rows.length === 0 ? (
                     <p className="px-6 py-5 text-sm text-text-secondary">No workloads match.</p>
                 ) : (
+                    <>
                     <Table>
                         <Thead>
                             <Tr>
@@ -74,7 +81,7 @@ export default function WorkloadsPage() {
                             </Tr>
                         </Thead>
                         <Tbody>
-                            {(hits.data ?? []).map((h) => (
+                            {paged.slice.map((h) => (
                                 <Tr key={`${h.server_id}:${h.workload.kind}:${h.workload.id}`}>
                                     <Td>
                                         <Link href={`/servers/${h.server_id}`} className="text-accent hover:underline">
@@ -92,6 +99,16 @@ export default function WorkloadsPage() {
                             ))}
                         </Tbody>
                     </Table>
+                    <Pagination
+                        page={paged.page}
+                        pageCount={paged.pageCount}
+                        size={paged.size}
+                        total={paged.total}
+                        onPage={paged.setPage}
+                        onSize={paged.setSize}
+                        unit="workloads"
+                    />
+                    </>
                 )}
             </Card>
         </div>

web/components/Providers.tsx

@@ -2,9 +2,12 @@
 
 import { QueryClientProvider } from "@tanstack/react-query";
 import { queryClient } from "@/lib/query-client";
+import { ToastProvider } from "@/components/ui/Toast";
 
 export function Providers({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) {
   return (
-    <QueryClientProvider client={queryClient}>{children}</QueryClientProvider>
+    <QueryClientProvider client={queryClient}>
+      <ToastProvider>{children}</ToastProvider>
+    </QueryClientProvider>
   );
 }

web/components/servers/GenerateKeyModal.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+"use client";
+
+import { useState } from "react";
+import { GenerateKeyOptions } from "@/lib/api";
+import { Button } from "@/components/ui";
+
+const KEY_SIZES: Record<string, number[]> = {
+    rsa: [2048, 3072, 4096],
+    ecdsa: [256, 384, 521],
+};
+
+const DEFAULT_SIZE: Record<string, number> = {
+    rsa: 4096,
+    ecdsa: 256,
+};
+
+export function GenerateKeyModal({ onClose, onSubmit, isPending }: { onClose: () => void; onSubmit: (opts: GenerateKeyOptions) => void; isPending: boolean }) {
+    const [label, setLabel] = useState("");
+    const [keyType, setKeyType] = useState<"ed25519" | "rsa" | "ecdsa">("ed25519");
+    const [keySize, setKeySize] = useState<number>(4096);
+    const [passphrase, setPassphrase] = useState("");
+    const [comment, setComment] = useState("");
+
+    function handleKeyTypeChange(t: "ed25519" | "rsa" | "ecdsa") {
+        setKeyType(t);
+        if (t !== "ed25519") {
+            setKeySize(DEFAULT_SIZE[t]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    function handleSubmit(e: React.FormEvent) {
+        e.preventDefault();
+        onSubmit({
+            label: label || "generated",
+            key_type: keyType,
+            key_size: keyType !== "ed25519" ? keySize : undefined,
+            passphrase: passphrase || undefined,
+            comment: comment || undefined,
+        });
+    }
+
+    const sizes = KEY_SIZES[keyType];
+
+    return (
+        <div className="fixed inset-0 z-50 flex items-center justify-center">
+            <div className="absolute inset-0 bg-black/60 backdrop-blur-sm" onClick={onClose} />
+            <div className="relative z-10 w-full max-w-md rounded-xl border border-border bg-surface p-6 shadow-2xl">
+                <div className="mb-5 flex items-center justify-between">
+                    <h2 className="text-lg font-semibold text-text-primary">Generate SSH Key</h2>
+                    <button onClick={onClose} className="rounded-md p-1 text-text-secondary transition-colors hover:text-text-primary">
+                        <svg className="h-5 w-5" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth={2}>
+                            <path strokeLinecap="round" strokeLinejoin="round" d="M6 18L18 6M6 6l12 12" />
+                        </svg>
+                    </button>
+                </div>
+
+                <form onSubmit={handleSubmit} className="space-y-4">
+                    <div>
+                        <label className="mb-1.5 block text-sm font-medium text-text-secondary">
+                            Label <span className="text-text-tertiary">(used as the key name in Vantage)</span>
+                        </label>
+                        <input
+                            type="text"
+                            value={label}
+                            onChange={(e) => setLabel(e.target.value)}
+                            placeholder="e.g. server-deploy-key"
+                            className="w-full rounded-lg border border-border bg-surface-2 px-3 py-2 text-sm text-text-primary placeholder:text-text-tertiary focus:border-accent/50 focus:outline-none focus:ring-1 focus:ring-accent/30"
+                        />
+                    </div>
+
+                    <div>
+                        <label className="mb-1.5 block text-sm font-medium text-text-secondary">Key Type</label>
+                        <div className="grid grid-cols-2 gap-2 sm:grid-cols-3">
+                            {(["ed25519", "rsa", "ecdsa"] as const).map((t) => (
+                                <button
+                                    key={t}
+                                    type="button"
+                                    onClick={() => handleKeyTypeChange(t)}
+                                    className={`rounded-lg border px-3 py-2 text-sm font-medium transition-colors ${
+                                        keyType === t ? "border-accent bg-accent/10 text-accent" : "border-border bg-surface-2 text-text-secondary hover:border-accent/40 hover:text-text-primary"
+                                    }`}
+                                >
+                                    {t}
+                                </button>
+                            ))}
+                        </div>
+                        {keyType === "ed25519" && <p className="mt-1.5 text-xs text-text-tertiary">Modern, fast, and secure. Recommended for new keys.</p>}
+                        {keyType === "rsa" && <p className="mt-1.5 text-xs text-text-tertiary">Widely compatible with older systems.</p>}
+                        {keyType === "ecdsa" && <p className="mt-1.5 text-xs text-text-tertiary">Elliptic curve shorter keys, good compatibility.</p>}
+                    </div>
+
+                    {sizes && (
+                        <div>
+                            <label className="mb-1.5 block text-sm font-medium text-text-secondary">Key Size (bits)</label>
+                            <select
+                                value={keySize}
+                                onChange={(e) => setKeySize(Number(e.target.value))}
+                                className="w-full rounded-lg border border-border bg-surface-2 px-3 py-2 text-sm text-text-primary focus:border-accent/50 focus:outline-none focus:ring-1 focus:ring-accent/30"
+                            >
+                                {sizes.map((s) => (
+                                    <option key={s} value={s}>
+                                        {s}
+                                    </option>
+                                ))}
+                            </select>
+                        </div>
+                    )}
+
+                    <div>
+                        <label className="mb-1.5 block text-sm font-medium text-text-secondary">
+                            Comment <span className="text-text-tertiary">(embedded in the public key)</span>
+                        </label>
+                        <input
+                            type="text"
+                            value={comment}
+                            onChange={(e) => setComment(e.target.value)}
+                            placeholder="e.g. user@hostname"
+                            className="w-full rounded-lg border border-border bg-surface-2 px-3 py-2 text-sm text-text-primary placeholder:text-text-tertiary focus:border-accent/50 focus:outline-none focus:ring-1 focus:ring-accent/30"
+                        />
+                    </div>
+
+                    <div>
+                        <label className="mb-1.5 block text-sm font-medium text-text-secondary">
+                            Passphrase <span className="text-text-tertiary">(leave blank for no passphrase)</span>
+                        </label>
+                        <input
+                            type="password"
+                            value={passphrase}
+                            onChange={(e) => setPassphrase(e.target.value)}
+                            placeholder="Optional passphrase"
+                            autoComplete="new-password"
+                            className="w-full rounded-lg border border-border bg-surface-2 px-3 py-2 text-sm text-text-primary placeholder:text-text-tertiary focus:border-accent/50 focus:outline-none focus:ring-1 focus:ring-accent/30"
+                        />
+                    </div>
+
+                    <div className="flex gap-3 pt-1">
+                        <Button type="submit" variant="primary" loading={isPending} className="flex-1">
+                            Generate Key
+                        </Button>
+                        <Button type="button" variant="ghost" onClick={onClose}>
+                            Cancel
+                        </Button>
+                    </div>
+                </form>
+            </div>
+        </div>
+    );
+}

web/components/servers/ServerActionsMenu.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+"use client";
+
+import { useEffect, useRef, useState } from "react";
+import { useRouter } from "next/navigation";
+import { clsx } from "clsx";
+import { Button } from "@/components/ui";
+
+/*
+ * Every action this page can take, behind one control.
+ *
+ * The header used to carry up to six buttons — a Connect per console protocol,
+ * OS updates, Generate key, Remove — and which of them appeared depended on the
+ * server, so the row an operator reached for moved between machines. One button
+ * in one place is worth more than a shortcut that is sometimes there.
+ *
+ * An action the licence or the host does not allow is rendered disabled with a
+ * reason rather than hidden: a customer cannot buy what they cannot see, and a
+ * control that vanishes reads as a bug.
+ */
+
+export interface ServerAction {
+    /** Grouping heading. Items sharing one carry it once, on the first. */
+    group?: string;
+    label: string;
+    icon: React.ReactNode;
+    onSelect?: () => void;
+    href?: string;
+    disabled?: boolean;
+    /** Why it is disabled, or what it will do. Shown as the native tooltip. */
+    title?: string;
+    danger?: boolean;
+    /** Draws a rule above this item. */
+    separated?: boolean;
+}
+
+export function ServerActionsMenu({ actions }: { actions: ServerAction[] }) {
+    const [open, setOpen] = useState(false);
+    const wrapRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
+    const buttonRef = useRef<HTMLButtonElement>(null);
+    const menuRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
+    const router = useRouter();
+
+    useEffect(() => {
+        if (!open) return;
+
+        function onPointerDown(e: MouseEvent) {
+            if (!wrapRef.current?.contains(e.target as Node)) setOpen(false);
+        }
+        function onKey(e: KeyboardEvent) {
+            if (e.key === "Escape") {
+                setOpen(false);
+                buttonRef.current?.focus();
+            }
+        }
+        document.addEventListener("mousedown", onPointerDown);
+        document.addEventListener("keydown", onKey);
+
+        menuRef.current?.querySelector<HTMLElement>("[role=menuitem]:not([aria-disabled=true])")?.focus();
+
+        return () => {
+            document.removeEventListener("mousedown", onPointerDown);
+            document.removeEventListener("keydown", onKey);
+        };
+    }, [open]);
+
+    function onMenuKeyDown(e: React.KeyboardEvent) {
+        if (e.key !== "ArrowDown" && e.key !== "ArrowUp") return;
+        e.preventDefault();
+        const items = [...(menuRef.current?.querySelectorAll<HTMLElement>("[role=menuitem]:not([aria-disabled=true])") ?? [])];
+        const i = items.indexOf(document.activeElement as HTMLElement);
+        items[(i + (e.key === "ArrowDown" ? 1 : -1) + items.length) % items.length]?.focus();
+    }
+
+    function run(action: ServerAction) {
+        if (action.disabled) return;
+        setOpen(false);
+        buttonRef.current?.focus();
+        if (action.href) router.push(action.href);
+        action.onSelect?.();
+    }
+
+    return (
+        <div ref={wrapRef} className="relative">
+            <Button ref={buttonRef} variant="primary" aria-haspopup="menu" aria-expanded={open} onClick={() => setOpen((v) => !v)}>
+                Actions
+                <svg className={clsx("h-4 w-4 transition-transform", open && "rotate-180")} fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth={2}>
+                    <path strokeLinecap="round" strokeLinejoin="round" d="M6 9l6 6 6-6" />
+                </svg>
+            </Button>
+
+            {open && (
+                <div
+                    ref={menuRef}
+                    role="menu"
+                    aria-label="Server actions"
+                    onKeyDown={onMenuKeyDown}
+                    className="absolute right-0 z-50 mt-1.5 w-60 rounded border border-border bg-surface p-1 shadow-panel"
+                >
+                    {actions.map((action, i) => (
+                        <div key={action.label}>
+                            {action.separated && i > 0 && <div className="my-1 h-px bg-border-soft" />}
+                            {action.group && <p className="px-2 pb-1 pt-1.5 font-mono text-[0.62rem] uppercase tracking-[0.16em] text-text-tertiary">{action.group}</p>}
+                            <button
+                                type="button"
+                                role="menuitem"
+                                aria-disabled={action.disabled}
+                                disabled={action.disabled}
+                                title={action.title}
+                                onClick={() => run(action)}
+                                className={clsx(
+                                    "flex w-full items-center gap-2.5 rounded px-2 py-2 text-left text-sm font-medium transition-colors",
+                                    action.disabled
+                                        ? "cursor-not-allowed text-text-tertiary"
+                                        : action.danger
+                                          ? "text-danger hover:bg-danger/10"
+                                          : "text-text-primary hover:bg-surface-2 [&>svg]:hover:text-accent",
+                                    !action.disabled && !action.danger && "[&>svg]:text-text-tertiary",
+                                    action.danger && "[&>svg]:text-danger",
+                                    action.disabled && "[&>svg]:text-text-tertiary",
+                                )}
+                            >
+                                {action.icon}
+                                {action.label}
+                            </button>
+                        </div>
+                    ))}
+                </div>
+            )}
+        </div>
+    );
+}

web/components/servers/ServerTabs.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+"use client";
+
+import { useRef } from "react";
+import { clsx } from "clsx";
+
+/*
+ * The tab bar under the faceplate.
+ *
+ * Below md it is a select instead. Five tabs do not fit a phone, and the two
+ * usual answers are both worse: wrapping to a second row changes the height of
+ * the sticky header as the selection moves, and a horizontally scrolling strip
+ * hides tabs off the right edge with nothing saying they are there. A select
+ * shows every section and its count in one list, and it is the platform's own
+ * picker, so it needs no scroll affordance of ours.
+ *
+ * Counts live on the labels because that is the only way an operator learns
+ * there is something wrong on a tab they are not looking at. A count with a
+ * tone is still labelled by its tab name, so tone is never the whole message —
+ * and in the select, where tone cannot survive, the count still does.
+ */
+
+export type TabId = "overview" | "workloads" | "security" | "access" | "maintenance";
+
+export interface TabSpec {
+    id: TabId;
+    label: string;
+    count?: number;
+    tone?: "neutral" | "warning" | "danger";
+}
+
+export function ServerTabs({ tabs, active, onSelect }: { tabs: TabSpec[]; active: TabId; onSelect: (id: TabId) => void }) {
+    const refs = useRef<Record<string, HTMLButtonElement | null>>({});
+
+    function onKeyDown(e: React.KeyboardEvent) {
+        if (e.key !== "ArrowRight" && e.key !== "ArrowLeft") return;
+        e.preventDefault();
+        const i = tabs.findIndex((t) => t.id === active);
+        const next = tabs[(i + (e.key === "ArrowRight" ? 1 : -1) + tabs.length) % tabs.length];
+        onSelect(next.id);
+        refs.current[next.id]?.focus();
+    }
+
+    const current = tabs.find((t) => t.id === active);
+
+    return (
+        <>
+            {/* Phone: the whole set in one picker, sitting on the same row as the
+                section it names so the header keeps its height. */}
+            <div className="pb-3 md:hidden">
+                <label htmlFor="server-tab-select" className="sr-only">
+                    Server section
+                </label>
+                <div className="relative">
+                    <select
+                        id="server-tab-select"
+                        value={active}
+                        onChange={(e) => onSelect(e.target.value as TabId)}
+                        className="w-full appearance-none rounded border border-border bg-surface-2 py-2 pl-3 pr-9 text-sm font-semibold text-text-primary focus:border-accent/50 focus:outline-none focus:ring-1 focus:ring-accent/30"
+                    >
+                        {tabs.map((tab) => (
+                            <option key={tab.id} value={tab.id}>
+                                {tab.label}
+                                {tab.count !== undefined && tab.count > 0 ? ` (${tab.count})` : ""}
+                            </option>
+                        ))}
+                    </select>
+                    <svg className="pointer-events-none absolute right-3 top-1/2 h-4 w-4 -translate-y-1/2 text-text-secondary" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth={2}>
+                        <path strokeLinecap="round" strokeLinejoin="round" d="M6 9l6 6 6-6" />
+                    </svg>
+                </div>
+                {current?.count !== undefined && current.count > 0 && current.tone && current.tone !== "neutral" && (
+                    <p className={clsx("mt-1.5 text-xs", current.tone === "danger" ? "text-danger" : "text-warning")}>
+                        {current.count} item{current.count !== 1 ? "s" : ""} in {current.label.toLowerCase()}
+                    </p>
+                )}
+            </div>
+
+            <div role="tablist" aria-label="Server sections" onKeyDown={onKeyDown} className="-mb-px hidden gap-1 md:flex">
+            {tabs.map((tab) => {
+                const isActive = tab.id === active;
+                return (
+                    <button
+                        key={tab.id}
+                        ref={(el) => {
+                            refs.current[tab.id] = el;
+                        }}
+                        type="button"
+                        role="tab"
+                        id={`server-tab-${tab.id}`}
+                        aria-selected={isActive}
+                        aria-controls={`server-panel-${tab.id}`}
+                        tabIndex={isActive ? 0 : -1}
+                        onClick={() => onSelect(tab.id)}
+                        className={clsx(
+                            "flex shrink-0 items-center gap-2 whitespace-nowrap border-b-2 px-3 py-2.5 text-sm transition-colors",
+                            isActive ? "border-accent font-semibold text-text-primary" : "border-transparent font-medium text-text-secondary hover:text-text-primary",
+                        )}
+                    >
+                        {tab.label}
+                        {tab.count !== undefined && tab.count > 0 && (
+                            <span
+                                className={clsx(
+                                    "rounded-full border px-1.5 py-px font-mono text-[0.62rem] tabular-nums",
+                                    tab.tone === "danger"
+                                        ? "border-danger/40 bg-danger/10 text-danger"
+                                        : tab.tone === "warning"
+                                          ? "border-warning/40 bg-warning/10 text-warning"
+                                          : "border-border bg-surface-2 text-text-secondary",
+                                )}
+                            >
+                                {tab.count}
+                            </span>
+                        )}
+                    </button>
+                );
+            })}
+            </div>
+        </>
+    );
+}

web/components/servers/VitalsRail.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+"use client";
+
+import { clsx } from "clsx";
+import { Inventory, Server } from "@/lib/api";
+import { formatBytes, relativeAge } from "./format";
+
+/*
+ * The four numbers an operator opens a server for, kept above the tabs so they
+ * are true on every tab rather than living inside one of them. This is the only
+ * part of the page that does not move when the tab changes.
+ *
+ * A meter is a hairline, not a bar: four of them across the top would otherwise
+ * out-shout the hostname, and the number beside each is the value being read —
+ * the meter only says how close to full it is.
+ */
+
+function Meter({ pct }: { pct: number }) {
+    const clamped = Math.max(0, Math.min(100, pct));
+    return (
+        <div className="mt-2 h-[3px] w-full overflow-hidden rounded-full bg-well">
+            <div
+                className={clsx("h-full rounded-full transition-[width] duration-500", clamped >= 90 ? "bg-danger" : clamped >= 75 ? "bg-warning" : "bg-accent")}
+                style={{ width: `${clamped}%` }}
+            />
+        </div>
+    );
+}
+
+function Vital({ label, value, pct, sub }: { label: string; value: string; pct?: number; sub?: string }) {
+    return (
+        <div className="min-w-0 bg-surface px-4 py-3">
+            <div className="flex items-baseline justify-between gap-3">
+                <span className="font-mono text-[0.62rem] uppercase tracking-[0.16em] text-text-secondary">{label}</span>
+                <span className="font-mono text-sm font-semibold tabular-nums text-text-primary">{value}</span>
+            </div>
+            {pct !== undefined ? <Meter pct={pct} /> : <div className="mt-2 h-[3px] w-full rounded-full bg-well" />}
+            {sub && <p className="mt-1.5 truncate text-xs text-text-tertiary">{sub}</p>}
+        </div>
+    );
+}
+
+/** The partition an operator means by "the disk": the root filesystem, or the
+ *  fullest one if there is no root — a Windows agent reports no `/`. */
+function primaryPartition(inv: Inventory) {
+    const parts = inv.partitions ?? [];
+    if (parts.length === 0) return undefined;
+    return parts.find((p) => p.mountpoint === "/") ?? parts.reduce((worst, p) => (p.used_bytes / (p.total_bytes || 1) > worst.used_bytes / (worst.total_bytes || 1) ? p : worst));
+}
+
+export function VitalsRail({ server, agentUpToDate }: { server: Server; agentUpToDate?: boolean }) {
+    const inv = server.inventory;
+    const disk = inv ? primaryPartition(inv) : undefined;
+    const memPct = inv && inv.memory.total_bytes > 0 ? (inv.memory.used_bytes / inv.memory.total_bytes) * 100 : 0;
+    const diskPct = disk && disk.total_bytes > 0 ? (disk.used_bytes / disk.total_bytes) * 100 : 0;
+
+    const agentSub = server.agent_version ? `agent v${server.agent_version}${agentUpToDate === undefined ? "" : agentUpToDate ? " · up to date" : " · update available"}` : "agent version unknown";
+
+    return (
+        // One hairline grid rather than four cards: these are readings off one
+        // machine, and four bordered panels would read as four subjects.
+        <div className="mt-4 grid grid-cols-2 gap-px overflow-hidden rounded border border-border-soft bg-border-soft lg:grid-cols-4">
+            {inv ? (
+                <>
+                    <Vital
+                        label="CPU"
+                        value={`${inv.cpu.usage_pct.toFixed(0)}%`}
+                        pct={inv.cpu.usage_pct}
+                        sub={[inv.cpu.cores ? `${inv.cpu.cores} cores` : null, inv.cpu.load1 !== undefined ? `load ${inv.cpu.load1.toFixed(2)}` : null].filter(Boolean).join(" · ") || inv.cpu.model}
+                    />
+                    <Vital
+                        label="Memory"
+                        value={`${formatBytes(inv.memory.used_bytes)} / ${formatBytes(inv.memory.total_bytes)}`}
+                        pct={memPct}
+                        sub={inv.swap_total_bytes > 0 ? `swap ${formatBytes(inv.swap_used_bytes)} / ${formatBytes(inv.swap_total_bytes)}` : "no swap"}
+                    />
+                    <Vital
+                        label={disk ? `Disk ${disk.mountpoint}` : "Disk"}
+                        value={disk ? `${diskPct.toFixed(0)}%` : "—"}
+                        pct={disk ? diskPct : undefined}
+                        sub={disk ? `${formatBytes(disk.used_bytes)} / ${formatBytes(disk.total_bytes)}${disk.fstype ? ` · ${disk.fstype}` : ""}` : "no partitions reported"}
+                    />
+                </>
+            ) : (
+                <>
+                    <Vital label="CPU" value="—" sub="no metrics reported" />
+                    <Vital label="Memory" value="—" sub="no metrics reported" />
+                    <Vital label="Disk" value="—" sub="no metrics reported" />
+                </>
+            )}
+            <Vital label="Last seen" value={relativeAge(server.last_seen)} pct={server.status === "active" ? 100 : 0} sub={agentSub} />
+        </div>
+    );
+}

web/components/servers/format.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/** Formatting shared by the server detail panels. One copy, because the rail
+ *  and the storage panel must round the same bytes the same way. */
+
+export function formatBytes(n: number): string {
+    if (!n) return "0 B";
+    const u = ["B", "KB", "MB", "GB", "TB"];
+    const i = Math.floor(Math.log(n) / Math.log(1024));
+    return `${(n / Math.pow(1024, i)).toFixed(1)} ${u[i]}`;
+}
+
+export function formatDate(dateStr: string) {
+    return new Date(dateStr).toLocaleString();
+}
+
+export function relativeAge(iso?: string): string {
+    if (!iso) return "never";
+    const secs = Math.max(0, (Date.now() - new Date(iso).getTime()) / 1000);
+    if (secs < 60) return `${Math.round(secs)}s ago`;
+    if (secs < 3600) return `${Math.round(secs / 60)}m ago`;
+    if (secs < 86_400) return `${Math.round(secs / 3600)}h ago`;
+    return `${Math.round(secs / 86_400)}d ago`;
+}

web/components/servers/icons.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+/** The line icons the server actions menu uses. Heroicons outline, 1.5 stroke,
+ *  the same set and weight the sidebar draws. */
+
+const props = { className: "h-4 w-4 shrink-0 transition-colors", fill: "none", viewBox: "0 0 24 24", stroke: "currentColor", strokeWidth: 1.5 } as const;
+
+export function ConsoleIcon() {
+    return (
+        <svg {...props}>
+            <path
+                strokeLinecap="round"
+                strokeLinejoin="round"
+                d="M9 17.25v1.007a3 3 0 01-.879 2.122L7.5 21h9l-.621-.621A3 3 0 0115 18.257V17.25m6-12V15a2.25 2.25 0 01-2.25 2.25H5.25A2.25 2.25 0 013 15V5.25m18 0A2.25 2.25 0 0018.75 3H5.25A2.25 2.25 0 003 5.25m18 0V12a2.25 2.25 0 01-2.25 2.25H5.25A2.25 2.25 0 013 12V5.25"
+            />
+        </svg>
+    );
+}
+
+export function KeyIcon() {
+    return (
+        <svg {...props}>
+            <path
+                strokeLinecap="round"
+                strokeLinejoin="round"
+                d="M15.75 5.25a3 3 0 013 3m3 0a6 6 0 01-7.029 5.912c-.563-.097-1.159.026-1.563.43L10.5 17.25H8.25v2.25H6v2.25H2.25v-2.818c0-.597.237-1.17.659-1.591l6.499-6.499c.404-.404.527-1 .43-1.563A6 6 0 1121.75 8.25z"
+            />
+        </svg>
+    );
+}
+
+export function ArrowUpCircleIcon() {
+    return (
+        <svg {...props}>
+            <path strokeLinecap="round" strokeLinejoin="round" d="M12 9.75l-3 3m3-3l3 3m-3-3v7.5M21 12a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0z" />
+        </svg>
+    );
+}
+
+export function ShieldIcon() {
+    return (
+        <svg {...props}>
+            <path
+                strokeLinecap="round"
+                strokeLinejoin="round"
+                d="M11.998 2.25a.75.75 0 01.298.062l7.5 3.214a.75.75 0 01.454.69v5.034c0 4.63-2.94 8.75-7.5 10.25a.75.75 0 01-.5 0c-4.56-1.5-7.5-5.62-7.5-10.25V6.216a.75.75 0 01.454-.69l7.5-3.214a.75.75 0 01.294-.062z"
+            />
+        </svg>
+    );
+}
+
+export function TrashIcon() {
+    return (
+        <svg {...props}>
+            <path
+                strokeLinecap="round"
+                strokeLinejoin="round"
+                d="M14.74 9l-.346 9m-4.788 0L9.26 9m9.968-3.21c.342.052.682.107 1.022.166M18.16 19.673A2.25 2.25 0 0115.916 21.75H8.084a2.25 2.25 0 01-2.244-2.077L4.772 5.79m14.456 0a48.108 48.108 0 00-3.478-.397m-11 .397c.34-.059.68-.114 1.022-.165M15.75 5.393v-.916c0-1.18-.91-2.164-2.09-2.201a51.964 51.964 0 00-3.32 0c-1.18.037-2.09 1.022-2.09 2.201v.916m7.5 0a48.667 48.667 0 00-7.5 0"
+            />
+        </svg>
+    );
+}
+
+export function RefreshIcon() {
+    return (
+        <svg {...props}>
+            <path
+                strokeLinecap="round"
+                strokeLinejoin="round"
+                d="M16.023 9.348h4.992V4.356m-4.992 4.992l3.181-3.03a8.25 8.25 0 00-13.803 3.03M2.985 19.644v-4.992m0 0h4.992m-4.993 0l3.181 3.03a8.25 8.25 0 0013.803-3.03"
+            />
+        </svg>
+    );
+}

web/components/servers/tabs/AccessTab.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+"use client";
+
+import Link from "next/link";
+import { ServerWithKeys } from "@/lib/api";
+import { Badge, Button, Card, Table, Tbody, Td, Th, Thead, Tr } from "@/components/ui";
+import { formatDate } from "../format";
+
+export function AccessTab({ server, onGenerateKey }: { server: ServerWithKeys; onGenerateKey: () => void }) {
+    const assignments = (server.keys ?? []).filter((a) => a.key);
+    const active = assignments.filter((a) => !a.revoked_at).length;
+
+    return (
+        <Card padding={false}>
+            <div className="flex flex-wrap items-center justify-between gap-3 border-b border-border px-6 py-4">
+                <h2 className="flex items-center gap-2 text-lg font-semibold text-text-primary">
+                    Installed SSH keys
+                    <span className="rounded-full bg-surface-2 px-2 py-0.5 font-mono text-[0.68rem] tabular-nums text-text-secondary">{active} active</span>
+                </h2>
+                <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
+                    <Button variant="secondary" size="sm" onClick={onGenerateKey}>
+                        Generate key
+                    </Button>
+                    <Link href="/keys">
+                        <Button variant="ghost" size="sm">
+                            Manage keys →
+                        </Button>
+                    </Link>
+                </div>
+            </div>
+
+            {assignments.length === 0 ? (
+                <div className="py-16 text-center">
+                    <p className="text-sm text-text-secondary">No keys assigned to this server.</p>
+                    <Link href="/keys">
+                        <Button variant="secondary" size="sm" className="mt-3">
+                            Assign a key
+                        </Button>
+                    </Link>
+                </div>
+            ) : (
+                <Table>
+                    <Thead>
+                        <Tr>
+                            <Th>Label</Th>
+                            <Th>Fingerprint</Th>
+                            <Th>Source</Th>
+                            <Th>Status</Th>
+                            <Th>Assigned</Th>
+                            <Th />
+                        </Tr>
+                    </Thead>
+                    <Tbody>
+                        {assignments.map((assignment) => (
+                            <Tr key={assignment.key_id}>
+                                <Td label="Label">
+                                    <span className="font-medium">{assignment.key.label}</span>
+                                </Td>
+                                <Td label="Fingerprint">
+                                    <span className="font-mono text-xs text-text-secondary">{assignment.key.fingerprint}</span>
+                                </Td>
+                                <Td label="Source">
+                                    <Badge variant={assignment.key.source === "generated" ? "accent" : "neutral"}>{assignment.key.source}</Badge>
+                                </Td>
+                                <Td label="Status">
+                                    <Badge variant={assignment.revoked_at ? "danger" : "success"}>{assignment.revoked_at ? "revoked" : "active"}</Badge>
+                                </Td>
+                                <Td label="Assigned">
+                                    <span className="text-xs text-text-secondary">{formatDate(assignment.assigned_at)}</span>
+                                </Td>
+                                <Td>
+                                    <Link href={`/keys/${assignment.key_id}`}>
+                                        <Button variant="ghost" size="sm">
+                                            View
+                                        </Button>
+                                    </Link>
+                                </Td>
+                            </Tr>
+                        ))}
+                    </Tbody>
+                </Table>
+            )}
+        </Card>
+    );
+}

web/components/servers/tabs/MaintenanceTab.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+"use client";
+
+import { useState } from "react";
+import { api, ServerWithKeys } from "@/lib/api";
+import { Badge, Button, Card, Table, Tbody, Td, Th, Thead, Tr } from "@/components/ui";
+
+/*
+ * Everything that changes what is installed on the machine: its OS packages,
+ * its agent, and its existence.
+ *
+ * The OS update list is a panel here rather than the modal it used to be. A
+ * modal made the list a detour off a header button; the work of patching a
+ * server is the reason this tab exists, so the list is the tab.
+ */
+
+export function MaintenanceTab({
+    server,
+    latestVersion,
+    onApplyUpdates,
+    isApplying,
+    applySuccess,
+    onUpdateAgent,
+    isUpdatingAgent,
+    updateAgentSuccess,
+    onDelete,
+    isDeleting,
+}: {
+    server: ServerWithKeys;
+    latestVersion?: string;
+    onApplyUpdates: () => void;
+    isApplying: boolean;
+    applySuccess: boolean;
+    onUpdateAgent: () => void;
+    isUpdatingAgent: boolean;
+    updateAgentSuccess: boolean;
+    onDelete: () => void;
+    isDeleting: boolean;
+}) {
+    const [copied, setCopied] = useState(false);
+    const [confirmDelete, setConfirmDelete] = useState(false);
+
+    const updates = server.available_updates ?? [];
+    const command = api.getUpdateCommand(server.os_info);
+    const isWindows = server.os_info?.toLowerCase().includes("windows");
+    const agentCurrent = !!latestVersion && !!server.agent_version && server.agent_version === latestVersion;
+
+    return (
+        <div className="grid grid-cols-1 gap-6 xl:grid-cols-2">
+            <Card padding={false}>
+                <div className="flex flex-wrap items-center justify-between gap-3 border-b border-border px-6 py-4">
+                    <h2 className="text-lg font-semibold text-text-primary">OS updates</h2>
+                    {updates.length > 0 ? <Badge variant="warning">{updates.length} pending</Badge> : <Badge variant="success">up to date</Badge>}
+                </div>
+
+                {updates.length === 0 ? (
+                    <p className="px-6 py-10 text-center text-sm text-text-secondary">No pending package updates. The agent checks hourly.</p>
+                ) : (
+                    <>
+                        {/* Capped so a host with 400 pending packages does not make the
+                            Apply button a scroll away. The count is on the badge. */}
+                        <div className="max-h-80 overflow-y-auto">
+                            <Table>
+                                <Thead>
+                                    <Tr>
+                                        <Th>Package</Th>
+                                        <Th>Current</Th>
+                                        <Th>Available</Th>
+                                    </Tr>
+                                </Thead>
+                                <Tbody>
+                                    {updates.map((u) => (
+                                        <Tr key={u.name}>
+                                            <Td label="Package">
+                                                <span className="font-mono text-sm font-medium">{u.name}</span>
+                                            </Td>
+                                            <Td label="Current">
+                                                <span className="font-mono text-xs text-text-secondary">{u.current_version || "n/a"}</span>
+                                            </Td>
+                                            <Td label="Available">
+                                                <span className="font-mono text-xs text-success">{u.new_version}</span>
+                                            </Td>
+                                        </Tr>
+                                    ))}
+                                </Tbody>
+                            </Table>
+                        </div>
+
+                        <div className="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-3 border-t border-border px-6 py-4">
+                            <Button variant="primary" loading={isApplying} onClick={onApplyUpdates} disabled={server.status !== "active"} title={server.status !== "active" ? "Agent must be online to apply updates" : undefined}>
+                                {applySuccess ? "Sent!" : "Apply updates"}
+                            </Button>
+                            <p className="text-xs text-text-tertiary">Upgrade runs in the background and may take several minutes.</p>
+                        </div>
+                    </>
+                )}
+            </Card>
+
+            <div className="space-y-6">
+                <Card padding={false}>
+                    <div className="flex flex-wrap items-center justify-between gap-3 border-b border-border px-6 py-4">
+                        <h2 className="text-lg font-semibold text-text-primary">Agent</h2>
+                        {latestVersion && server.agent_version && <Badge variant={agentCurrent ? "success" : "warning"}>{agentCurrent ? "up to date" : "update available"}</Badge>}
+                    </div>
+
+                    <div className="space-y-4 px-6 py-5">
+                        <div className="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-x-6 gap-y-2 text-sm">
+                            <div>
+                                <span className="text-text-secondary">Installed: </span>
+                                <span className="font-mono font-medium text-text-primary">{server.agent_version ? `v${server.agent_version}` : "unknown"}</span>
+                            </div>
+                            <div>
+                                <span className="text-text-secondary">Latest: </span>
+                                <span className="font-mono font-medium text-text-primary">{latestVersion ? `v${latestVersion}` : "n/a"}</span>
+                            </div>
+                        </div>
+
+                        <div className="relative overflow-x-auto rounded border border-border bg-well px-4 py-2.5 font-mono text-sm">
+                            <span className="text-accent">{isWindows ? "PS>" : "$"}</span> <span className="text-text-primary">{command}</span>
+                            <button
+                                onClick={async () => {
+                                    await navigator.clipboard.writeText(command);
+                                    setCopied(true);
+                                    setTimeout(() => setCopied(false), 2000);
+                                }}
+                                className="absolute right-2 top-1.5 rounded border border-border bg-surface-2 px-2 py-0.5 text-xs font-medium text-text-secondary transition-colors hover:border-accent/50 hover:text-text-primary"
+                            >
+                                {copied ? <span className="text-success">Copied!</span> : "Copy"}
+                            </button>
+                        </div>
+
+                        <Button
+                            variant="primary"
+                            loading={isUpdatingAgent}
+                            onClick={onUpdateAgent}
+                            disabled={server.status !== "active"}
+                            title={server.status !== "active" ? "Agent must be online to update" : undefined}
+                        >
+                            {updateAgentSuccess ? "Update sent!" : "Update agent"}
+                        </Button>
+                    </div>
+                </Card>
+
+                <Card padding={false} className="border-danger/30">
+                    <div className="border-b border-danger/30 px-6 py-4">
+                        <h2 className="text-lg font-semibold text-danger">Remove server</h2>
+                    </div>
+                    <div className="space-y-4 px-6 py-5">
+                        <p className="text-sm text-text-secondary">
+                            Deletes this server and its history from Vantage. The agent stays installed on the machine and keeps trying to connect until you uninstall it there.
+                        </p>
+                        {!confirmDelete ? (
+                            <Button variant="danger" onClick={() => setConfirmDelete(true)}>
+                                Remove server
+                            </Button>
+                        ) : (
+                            <div className="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-3">
+                                <span className="text-sm text-danger">Remove {server.hostname}?</span>
+                                <Button variant="danger" loading={isDeleting} onClick={onDelete}>
+                                    Confirm
+                                </Button>
+                                <Button variant="ghost" onClick={() => setConfirmDelete(false)}>
+                                    Cancel
+                                </Button>
+                            </div>
+                        )}
+                    </div>
+                </Card>
+            </div>
+        </div>
+    );
+}

web/components/servers/tabs/OverviewTab.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+"use client";
+
+import { clsx } from "clsx";
+import { ServerWithKeys } from "@/lib/api";
+import { Card, CardHeader, CardTitle } from "@/components/ui";
+import { formatBytes, formatDate } from "../format";
+import type { TabId } from "../ServerTabs";
+
+/*
+ * Overview answers one question: is anything wrong with this machine, and where
+ * do I go about it. The detail lives on the other tabs — everything here either
+ * states a fact about the host or points at the tab that can act on it.
+ */
+
+export interface Attention {
+    tone: "danger" | "warning";
+    title: string;
+    detail: string;
+    /** The tab that can do something about it. */
+    goTo: TabId;
+    action: string;
+}
+
+function StoragePanel({ server }: { server: ServerWithKeys }) {
+    const partitions = server.inventory?.partitions ?? [];
+
+    return (
+        <Card padding={false}>
+            <div className="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-border px-6 py-4">
+                <h2 className="text-lg font-semibold text-text-primary">Storage</h2>
+                <span className="font-mono text-[0.68rem] uppercase tracking-[0.13em] text-text-secondary">
+                    {partitions.length} partition{partitions.length !== 1 ? "s" : ""}
+                </span>
+            </div>
+            {partitions.length === 0 ? (
+                <p className="px-6 py-10 text-center text-sm text-text-secondary">No partitions reported. The agent sends a full inventory every 15 minutes.</p>
+            ) : (
+                <div className="space-y-4 px-6 py-5">
+                    {partitions.map((p) => {
+                        const pct = p.total_bytes > 0 ? (p.used_bytes / p.total_bytes) * 100 : 0;
+                        return (
+                            <div key={p.mountpoint}>
+                                <div className="mb-1.5 flex flex-wrap items-baseline justify-between gap-x-4 gap-y-1">
+                                    <span className="font-mono text-sm text-text-primary">{p.mountpoint}</span>
+                                    <span className="font-mono text-xs text-text-secondary">
+                                        {formatBytes(p.used_bytes)} / {formatBytes(p.total_bytes)}
+                                        {p.fstype ? ` · ${p.fstype}` : ""}
+                                    </span>
+                                </div>
+                                <div className="h-[3px] w-full overflow-hidden rounded-full bg-well">
+                                    <div className={clsx("h-full rounded-full", pct >= 90 ? "bg-danger" : pct >= 75 ? "bg-warning" : "bg-accent")} style={{ width: `${Math.min(100, pct)}%` }} />
+                                </div>
+                            </div>
+                        );
+                    })}
+                </div>
+            )}
+        </Card>
+    );
+}
+
+function Fact({ term, children, mono = true }: { term: string; children: React.ReactNode; mono?: boolean }) {
+    return (
+        <div className="flex items-baseline justify-between gap-4 border-b border-border-soft py-2.5 last:border-b-0">
+            <dt className="shrink-0 text-xs text-text-secondary">{term}</dt>
+            <dd className={clsx("min-w-0 break-all text-right text-sm text-text-primary", mono && "font-mono text-xs")}>{children}</dd>
+        </div>
+    );
+}
+
+function MachinePanel({ server }: { server: ServerWithKeys }) {
+    return (
+        <Card padding={false}>
+            <div className="border-b border-border px-6 py-4">
+                <h2 className="text-lg font-semibold text-text-primary">Machine</h2>
+            </div>
+            <dl className="px-6 py-2">
+                <Fact term="OS" mono={false}>
+                    {server.os_info || "unknown"}
+                </Fact>
+                {server.inventory?.kernel && <Fact term="Kernel">{server.inventory.kernel}</Fact>}
+                {server.inventory?.cpu.model && <Fact term="CPU">{server.inventory.cpu.model}</Fact>}
+                <Fact term="Agent version">{server.agent_version ? `v${server.agent_version}` : "unknown"}</Fact>
+                <Fact term="Last seen" mono={false}>
+                    {server.last_seen ? formatDate(server.last_seen) : "Never"}
+                </Fact>
+                <Fact term="Registered" mono={false}>
+                    {formatDate(server.created_at)}
+                </Fact>
+                <Fact term="Server ID">{server.server_id}</Fact>
+            </dl>
+        </Card>
+    );
+}
+
+function AttentionPanel({ items, onGoTo }: { items: Attention[]; onGoTo: (tab: TabId) => void }) {
+    return (
+        <Card padding={false}>
+            <div className="border-b border-border px-6 py-4">
+                <CardHeader className="mb-0">
+                    <CardTitle className="text-lg font-semibold">Needs attention</CardTitle>
+                </CardHeader>
+            </div>
+            {items.length === 0 ? (
+                <p className="px-6 py-10 text-center text-sm text-success">Nothing outstanding on this server.</p>
+            ) : (
+                <ul className="divide-y divide-border-soft">
+                    {items.map((item) => (
+                        <li key={item.title} className="flex flex-wrap items-center justify-between gap-3 px-6 py-3.5">
+                            <div className="flex min-w-0 items-start gap-3">
+                                {/* The dot is recognition, never the message — the title says
+                                    what is wrong on its own. */}
+                                <span className={clsx("mt-1.5 h-1.5 w-1.5 shrink-0 rounded-full", item.tone === "danger" ? "bg-danger" : "bg-warning")} />
+                                <div className="min-w-0">
+                                    <p className="text-sm font-medium text-text-primary">{item.title}</p>
+                                    <p className="font-mono text-xs text-text-secondary">{item.detail}</p>
+                                </div>
+                            </div>
+                            <button type="button" onClick={() => onGoTo(item.goTo)} className="text-sm font-semibold text-accent transition-colors hover:text-accent-hover">
+                                {item.action} →
+                            </button>
+                        </li>
+                    ))}
+                </ul>
+            )}
+        </Card>
+    );
+}
+
+export function OverviewTab({ server, attention, onGoTo }: { server: ServerWithKeys; attention: Attention[]; onGoTo: (tab: TabId) => void }) {
+    return (
+        <div className="space-y-6">
+            <AttentionPanel items={attention} onGoTo={onGoTo} />
+            {/* Collapses at xl, not lg: the 240px sidebar leaves a 1280px laptop
+                about 1010px, which is not enough for a two-thirds split. */}
+            <div className="grid grid-cols-1 gap-6 xl:grid-cols-3">
+                <div className="xl:col-span-2">
+                    <StoragePanel server={server} />
+                </div>
+                <MachinePanel server={server} />
+            </div>
+        </div>
+    );
+}

web/components/settings/MembersCard.tsx

@@ -4,12 +4,16 @@ import { useState } from "react";
 import { useMutation, useQuery, useQueryClient } from "@tanstack/react-query";
 import { api, type InstanceUser, type Role } from "@/lib/api";
 import { useAuth } from "@/components/AuthProvider";
-import { Badge, Button, Modal, Table, Tbody, Td, Th, Thead, Tr } from "@/components/ui";
+import { Badge, Button, ConfirmDialog, Modal, Table, Tbody, Td, Th, Thead, Tr, friendlyMessage, useToast } from "@/components/ui";
 import { Field, inputClass } from "./Field";
 import { SectionCard } from "./SectionCard";
 
 const ROLES: Role[] = ["owner", "admin", "member"];
 
+/** The member a pending removal refers to, carried so the dialog and the
+ *  confirmation message name a person rather than a user_id. */
+type Member = { id: string; email: string };
+
 function UsersIcon() {
     return (
         <svg className="h-5 w-5" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth={1.5}>
@@ -31,7 +35,9 @@ function roleVariant(role: Role) {
 export function MembersCard() {
     const queryClient = useQueryClient();
     const { user } = useAuth();
+    const toast = useToast();
     const [addOpen, setAddOpen] = useState(false);
+    const [removing, setRemoving] = useState<Member | null>(null);
     const [email, setEmail] = useState("");
     const [password, setPassword] = useState("");
     const [role, setRole] = useState<Role>("member");
@@ -48,6 +54,7 @@ export function MembersCard() {
         mutationFn: () => api.createInstanceUser({ email, password, role }),
         onSuccess: () => {
             invalidate();
+            toast.success(`Added ${email} as ${role}.`);
             setAddOpen(false);
             setEmail("");
             setPassword("");
@@ -63,12 +70,24 @@ export function MembersCard() {
         onError: invalidate,
     });
 
-    const { mutate: removeUser, error: removeError } = useMutation({
-        mutationFn: (userId: string) => api.deleteInstanceUser(userId),
-        onSuccess: invalidate,
+    const {
+        mutate: removeUser,
+        isPending: isRemoving,
+        error: removeError,
+        reset: resetRemove,
+    } = useMutation({
+        mutationFn: (member: Member) => api.deleteInstanceUser(member.id),
+        onSuccess: (_data, member) => {
+            invalidate();
+            toast.success(`Removed ${member.email}.`);
+            setRemoving(null);
+        },
     });
 
-    const actionError = (roleError ?? removeError) as Error | null;
+    // Removal failures are shown inside the confirm dialog that raised them, so
+    // only the inline role change lands here — otherwise the same sentence
+    // appears twice on screen.
+    const actionError = roleError as Error | null;
 
     const isOwner = user?.role === "owner";
     const assignableRoles = isOwner ? ROLES : ROLES.filter((r) => r !== "owner");
@@ -154,11 +173,10 @@ export function MembersCard() {
                                                 <Button
                                                     variant="ghost"
                                                     size="sm"
-                                                    onClick={() => {
-                                                        if (confirm(`Remove ${u.email} from this instance?`)) removeUser(u.user_id);
-                                                    }}
+                                                    className="text-danger hover:text-danger"
+                                                    onClick={() => setRemoving({ id: u.user_id, email: u.email })}
                                                 >
-                                                    Remove
+                                                    Remove<span className="sr-only"> {u.email}</span>
                                                 </Button>
                                             )
                                         )}
@@ -170,6 +188,30 @@ export function MembersCard() {
                 </Table>
             )}
 
+            <ConfirmDialog
+                open={removing !== null}
+                title="Remove member"
+                confirmLabel="Remove member"
+                loading={isRemoving}
+                error={removeError ? friendlyMessage(removeError) : null}
+                onClose={() => {
+                    // Without this the next member's dialog opens showing the
+                    // previous member's failure.
+                    resetRemove();
+                    setRemoving(null);
+                }}
+                onConfirm={() => removing && removeUser(removing)}
+                body={
+                    <>
+                        <p>
+                            <span className="text-text-primary">{removing?.email}</span> loses access to this instance immediately, including any
+                            open session.
+                        </p>
+                        <p>Their audit history is kept. Adding them again later creates a new member.</p>
+                    </>
+                }
+            />
+
             <Modal open={addOpen} title="Add member" onClose={() => setAddOpen(false)}>
                 <form
                     onSubmit={(e) => {

web/components/ui/Async.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+"use client";
+
+import { clsx } from "clsx";
+import { Button } from "./Button";
+
+/*
+ * Twenty-three copies of the same spinner div existed across app/ and
+ * components/, each with the loading / error / empty branch rewritten by hand
+ * beside it. They had already drifted: some said "Failed to load servers. Is
+ * the backend running?", some rendered the raw exception message, some showed
+ * nothing at all while a list was empty.
+ */
+
+export function Spinner({ className, label = "Loading" }: { className?: string; label?: string }) {
+    return (
+        <span role="status" className="inline-flex items-center">
+            <span
+                className={clsx("inline-block animate-spin rounded-full border-2 border-border border-t-accent", className ?? "h-8 w-8")}
+                aria-hidden="true"
+            />
+            <span className="sr-only">{label}</span>
+        </span>
+    );
+}
+
+export function CenteredSpinner({ label }: { label?: string }) {
+    return (
+        <div className="flex items-center justify-center py-20">
+            <Spinner label={label} />
+        </div>
+    );
+}
+
+/*
+ * A skeleton rather than a spinner wherever the shape of what is coming is
+ * already known: the table does not collapse and re-expand, so the page stops
+ * jumping under the pointer as data lands.
+ */
+export function TableSkeleton({ rows = 5, columns = 4 }: { rows?: number; columns?: number }) {
+    return (
+        <div className="animate-pulse p-4" aria-hidden="true">
+            {Array.from({ length: rows }).map((_, r) => (
+                <div key={r} className="flex gap-4 border-b border-border/40 py-3 last:border-0">
+                    {Array.from({ length: columns }).map((_, c) => (
+                        <div
+                            key={c}
+                            className="h-3 rounded bg-surface-2"
+                            style={{ width: `${[28, 20, 16, 12, 10, 8][c % 6]}%` }}
+                        />
+                    ))}
+                </div>
+            ))}
+        </div>
+    );
+}
+
+export function EmptyState({
+    title,
+    description,
+    icon,
+    action,
+}: {
+    title: string;
+    description?: string;
+    icon?: React.ReactNode;
+    /*
+     * `loading` matters rather than being decoration: the empty-state button is
+     * usually the one that creates the first of something, and without it a
+     * double click creates two. A link action takes neither — there is no
+     * pending state to show for a navigation.
+     */
+    action?:
+        | { label: string; href: string; onClick?: never; loading?: never; disabled?: never }
+        | { label: string; href?: never; onClick: () => void; loading?: boolean; disabled?: boolean };
+}) {
+    return (
+        <div className="px-6 py-16 text-center">
+            {icon && (
+                <div className="mx-auto mb-4 flex h-12 w-12 items-center justify-center rounded-full bg-surface-2 text-text-secondary">
+                    {icon}
+                </div>
+            )}
+            <p className="text-[15px] font-semibold text-text-primary">{title}</p>
+            {description && <p className="mx-auto mt-2 max-w-[46ch] text-sm text-text-secondary">{description}</p>}
+            {action &&
+                (action.href ? (
+                    <Button href={action.href} variant="primary" size="sm" className="mt-4">
+                        {action.label}
+                    </Button>
+                ) : (
+                    <Button
+                        variant="primary"
+                        size="sm"
+                        className="mt-4"
+                        onClick={action.onClick}
+                        loading={action.loading}
+                        disabled={action.disabled}
+                    >
+                        {action.label}
+                    </Button>
+                ))}
+        </div>
+    );
+}
+
+export function ErrorState({ error, onRetry }: { error: unknown; onRetry?: () => void }) {
+    return (
+        <div className="px-6 py-16 text-center" role="alert">
+            <p className="text-[15px] font-semibold text-text-primary">{friendlyMessage(error)}</p>
+            {detailOf(error) && <p className="mx-auto mt-2 max-w-[52ch] font-mono text-xs text-text-secondary">{detailOf(error)}</p>}
+            {onRetry && (
+                <Button variant="secondary" size="sm" className="mt-4" onClick={onRetry}>
+                    Try again
+                </Button>
+            )}
+        </div>
+    );
+}
+
+/**
+ * One loading/error/empty decision instead of the same ternary chain rewritten
+ * in every list page. `isEmpty` is passed rather than inferred, because only
+ * the caller knows whether an empty array is empty or simply filtered to
+ * nothing.
+ */
+export function AsyncBoundary({
+    isLoading,
+    error,
+    isEmpty,
+    onRetry,
+    skeleton,
+    empty,
+    children,
+}: {
+    isLoading: boolean;
+    error?: unknown;
+    isEmpty?: boolean;
+    onRetry?: () => void;
+    skeleton?: React.ReactNode;
+    empty?: React.ReactNode;
+    children: React.ReactNode;
+}) {
+    if (isLoading) {
+        // A skeleton is aria-hidden decoration, so on its own it hands a screen
+        // reader an empty region and no indication anything is coming. The
+        // spinner carries its own role="status"; a custom skeleton needs one
+        // supplied beside it.
+        return skeleton ? (
+            <>
+                <span role="status" className="sr-only">
+                    Loading
+                </span>
+                {skeleton}
+            </>
+        ) : (
+            <CenteredSpinner />
+        );
+    }
+    if (error) return <ErrorState error={error} onRetry={onRetry} />;
+    if (isEmpty && empty) return <>{empty}</>;
+    return <>{children}</>;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Backend messages went straight to the screen. Some are written for an
+ * operator and are the most useful thing available; some are a Go error string
+ * or a bare "Failed to fetch" from a dropped connection, which tells the
+ * customer nothing and reads as a crash. Classify first, then show the detail
+ * underneath rather than instead of an explanation.
+ */
+/* The reason phrases request() falls back to when the response body was empty.
+   An exact-match set, not a shape test: a pattern loose enough to catch
+   "Not Found" also catches "Default steps cannot be edited", which is the
+   opposite of what this is for. */
+const STATUS_TEXT = new Set([
+    "Bad Request",
+    "Unauthorized",
+    "Forbidden",
+    "Not Found",
+    "Method Not Allowed",
+    "Conflict",
+    "Unprocessable Entity",
+    "Too Many Requests",
+    "Internal Server Error",
+    "Bad Gateway",
+    "Service Unavailable",
+    "Gateway Timeout",
+]);
+
+export function friendlyMessage(error: unknown): string {
+    const status = (error as { status?: number } | null)?.status;
+    const raw = error instanceof Error ? error.message : typeof error === "string" ? error : "";
+
+    // The backend writes its 4xx messages for an operator and they are usually
+    // the most specific thing available ("default steps cannot be edited",
+    // "vulnerability scanning is not licensed"). Keep them; only replace the
+    // ones that are a status code wearing a coat — "HTTP 409", or the bare
+    // reason phrase fetch() falls back to when the body was empty.
+    const useful = raw && !/^HTTP \d{3}$/.test(raw) && !STATUS_TEXT.has(raw) ? raw : "";
+
+    if (status === 401) return "Your session has expired. Sign in again to continue.";
+    if (status === 403) return useful || "You do not have permission to do this.";
+    if (status === 404) return useful || "That is no longer here.";
+    if (status === 409) return useful || "That conflicts with the current state.";
+    if (status === 429) return "Too many requests. Wait a moment and try again.";
+    if (typeof status === "number" && status >= 500) return "The server could not complete that. Try again shortly.";
+    if (typeof status === "number" && status >= 400) return useful || "That request was rejected.";
+
+    // fetch() rejects with a TypeError and no status when the request never
+    // reached the server at all.
+    if (!status && /failed to fetch|networkerror|load failed/i.test(raw)) {
+        return "Cannot reach the server. Check your connection.";
+    }
+
+    return raw || "Something went wrong.";
+}
+
+function detailOf(error: unknown): string | null {
+    const raw = error instanceof Error ? error.message : null;
+    if (!raw) return null;
+    return raw === friendlyMessage(error) ? null : raw;
+}

web/components/ui/Button.tsx

@@ -1,13 +1,32 @@
-import { ButtonHTMLAttributes, forwardRef } from "react";
+import { AnchorHTMLAttributes, ButtonHTMLAttributes, forwardRef } from "react";
+import Link from "next/link";
 import { clsx } from "clsx";
 
 type Variant = "primary" | "secondary" | "danger" | "ghost";
 type Size = "sm" | "md" | "lg";
 
-interface ButtonProps extends ButtonHTMLAttributes<HTMLButtonElement> {
+interface CommonProps {
   variant?: Variant;
   size?: Size;
+  className?: string;
+  children?: React.ReactNode;
+}
+
+interface ButtonProps extends CommonProps, Omit<ButtonHTMLAttributes<HTMLButtonElement>, keyof CommonProps> {
   loading?: boolean;
+  href?: undefined;
+}
+
+interface LinkButtonProps extends CommonProps, Omit<AnchorHTMLAttributes<HTMLAnchorElement>, keyof CommonProps> {
+  /**
+   * Renders a next/link styled as this button instead of a <button>.
+   *
+   * <Link><Button/></Link> nests an interactive element inside an anchor: the
+   * markup is invalid, the pair takes two tab stops, and a keyboard Enter fires
+   * only the outer anchor. Nineteen call sites did that. Pass href here instead.
+   */
+  href: string;
+  loading?: undefined;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -32,45 +51,67 @@ const sizeClasses: Record<Size, string> = {
   lg: "px-5 py-2.5 text-base",
 };
 
-export const Button = forwardRef<HTMLButtonElement, ButtonProps>(
-  (
-    { variant = "primary", size = "md", loading, className, children, disabled, ...props },
-    ref
-  ) => {
+const baseClasses =
+  "inline-flex items-center gap-2 rounded border font-semibold no-underline transition-colors duration-150 focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-accent focus:ring-offset-2 focus:ring-offset-background disabled:opacity-50 disabled:cursor-not-allowed active:translate-y-px";
+
+function classesFor(variant: Variant, size: Size, className?: string) {
+  return clsx(baseClasses, variantClasses[variant], sizeClasses[size], className);
+}
+
+function Spinner() {
+  return (
+    <svg
+      className="h-4 w-4 animate-spin"
+      viewBox="0 0 24 24"
+      fill="none"
+      aria-hidden="true"
+      focusable="false"
+    >
+      <circle
+        className="opacity-25"
+        cx="12"
+        cy="12"
+        r="10"
+        stroke="currentColor"
+        strokeWidth="4"
+      />
+      <path
+        className="opacity-75"
+        fill="currentColor"
+        d="M4 12a8 8 0 018-8V0C5.373 0 0 5.373 0 12h4z"
+      />
+    </svg>
+  );
+}
+
+export const Button = forwardRef<HTMLButtonElement | HTMLAnchorElement, ButtonProps | LinkButtonProps>(
+  ({ variant = "primary", size = "md", className, children, ...rest }, ref) => {
+    if (typeof rest.href === "string") {
+      const { href, ...anchorProps } = rest as LinkButtonProps;
+      return (
+        <Link
+          ref={ref as React.Ref<HTMLAnchorElement>}
+          href={href}
+          className={classesFor(variant, size, className)}
+          {...anchorProps}
+        >
+          {children}
+        </Link>
+      );
+    }
+
+    const { loading, disabled, ...buttonProps } = rest as ButtonProps;
     return (
       <button
-        ref={ref}
+        ref={ref as React.Ref<HTMLButtonElement>}
         disabled={disabled || loading}
-        className={clsx(
-          "inline-flex items-center gap-2 rounded border font-semibold transition-colors duration-150 focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-accent focus:ring-offset-2 focus:ring-offset-background disabled:opacity-50 disabled:cursor-not-allowed active:translate-y-px",
-          variantClasses[variant],
-          sizeClasses[size],
-          className
-        )}
-        {...props}
+        // A control that is busy is still a control; announce it rather than
+        // leaving a screen reader on the pre-click label with nothing happening.
+        aria-busy={loading || undefined}
+        className={classesFor(variant, size, className)}
+        {...buttonProps}
       >
-        {loading && (
-          <svg
-            className="animate-spin h-4 w-4"
-            xmlns="http://www.w3.instance/2000/svg"
-            fill="none"
-            viewBox="0 0 24 24"
-          >
-            <circle
-              className="opacity-25"
-              cx="12"
-              cy="12"
-              r="10"
-              stroke="currentColor"
-              strokeWidth="4"
-            />
-            <path
-              className="opacity-75"
-              fill="currentColor"
-              d="M4 12a8 8 0 018-8V0C5.373 0 0 5.373 0 12h4z"
-            />
-          </svg>
-        )}
+        {loading && <Spinner />}
         {children}
       </button>
     );

web/components/ui/ConfirmDialog.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+"use client";
+
+import { useEffect, useId, useState } from "react";
+import { Button } from "./Button";
+import { Modal } from "./Modal";
+
+/*
+ * Destructive actions used to go through window.confirm(). That dialog is
+ * browser chrome: it cannot say what is about to be deleted beyond one line of
+ * plain text, it looks nothing like the product, it cannot show the error when
+ * the delete then fails, and it offers the same two buttons whether the action
+ * removes one key or an entire secret group.
+ *
+ * `requireTyped` is for the cases with no undo — deleting a secret group, a
+ * step used by every workflow. Typing the name is not friction for its own
+ * sake: it is what stops a muscle-memory Enter from destroying something whose
+ * name the operator never actually read.
+ */
+export function ConfirmDialog({
+    open,
+    title,
+    body,
+    confirmLabel = "Delete",
+    requireTyped,
+    destructive = true,
+    loading,
+    error,
+    onConfirm,
+    onClose,
+}: {
+    open: boolean;
+    title: string;
+    body: React.ReactNode;
+    confirmLabel?: string;
+    /** When set, the confirm button stays disabled until this exact string is typed. */
+    requireTyped?: string;
+    destructive?: boolean;
+    loading?: boolean;
+    error?: string | null;
+    onConfirm: () => void;
+    onClose: () => void;
+}) {
+    const [typed, setTyped] = useState("");
+    const inputId = useId();
+
+    // A reopened dialog must not carry the previous attempt's typing — nor may
+    // a row reused for a different item stay armed with the name it matched
+    // before, which is why `requireTyped` is a dependency and not just `open`.
+    useEffect(() => {
+        setTyped("");
+    }, [open, requireTyped]);
+
+    const armed = !requireTyped || typed === requireTyped;
+
+    return (
+        <Modal open={open} title={title} onClose={onClose}>
+            <div className="space-y-4 text-sm text-text-secondary">
+                <div className="space-y-2">{body}</div>
+
+                {requireTyped && (
+                    <div className="space-y-1.5">
+                        <label htmlFor={inputId} className="block text-xs text-text-secondary">
+                            Type <span className="font-mono text-text-primary">{requireTyped}</span> to confirm
+                        </label>
+                        <input
+                            id={inputId}
+                            value={typed}
+                            onChange={(e) => setTyped(e.target.value)}
+                            autoComplete="off"
+                            spellCheck={false}
+                            className="w-full rounded border border-border bg-surface-2 px-3 py-2 font-mono text-sm text-text-primary outline-none focus:border-accent"
+                        />
+                    </div>
+                )}
+
+                {error && (
+                    <p role="alert" className="rounded border border-danger/30 bg-danger/10 px-3 py-2 text-danger">
+                        {error}
+                    </p>
+                )}
+
+                <div className="flex justify-end gap-2 pt-1">
+                    <Button variant="secondary" onClick={onClose} disabled={loading}>
+                        Cancel
+                    </Button>
+                    <Button
+                        variant={destructive ? "danger" : "primary"}
+                        onClick={onConfirm}
+                        loading={loading}
+                        disabled={!armed}
+                    >
+                        {confirmLabel}
+                    </Button>
+                </div>
+            </div>
+        </Modal>
+    );
+}

web/components/ui/Modal.tsx

@@ -1,45 +1,237 @@
 "use client";
 
-import { useEffect } from "react";
+import { useEffect, useId, useRef, useState } from "react";
+import { createPortal } from "react-dom";
+
+/*
+ * Dialogs nest: a confirm sits on top of the edit modal that raised it. Both
+ * listen on document, so without a stack Escape would close the pair at once
+ * and the trap of the covered dialog would fight the top one for focus. Only
+ * the last opened panel acts.
+ */
+const stack: symbol[] = [];
+
+/*
+ * The scroll lock is refcounted rather than saved and restored per dialog.
+ * Per-instance save/restore breaks when the outer dialog unmounts first — which
+ * a dialog that navigates away on success does — since the outer's cleanup then
+ * releases the lock while the inner one is still on screen.
+ */
+let lockCount = 0;
+let lockedOverflow = "";
+let lockedPadding = "";
+let hidden: HTMLElement[] = [];
+
+/*
+ * Marks a body child as belonging to the dialog layer rather than the page, so
+ * the aria-hidden sweep below skips it. Exported because the toast layer needs
+ * the same exemption: a confirmation raised by a dialog is raised *before* that
+ * dialog closes, so a toast rendered inside the app tree would be inserted into
+ * a hidden subtree and never announced — and un-hiding a live region later does
+ * not replay what it missed.
+ */
+export const DIALOG_LAYER_ATTR = "data-vantage-dialog";
+const PORTAL_ATTR = DIALOG_LAYER_ATTR;
+
+function lockScroll() {
+    const { body } = document;
+    if (lockCount === 0) {
+        lockedOverflow = body.style.overflow;
+        lockedPadding = body.style.paddingRight;
+        // Padding replaces the scrollbar's width so the layout does not jump
+        // sideways as it disappears.
+        const gap = window.innerWidth - document.documentElement.clientWidth;
+        body.style.overflow = "hidden";
+        if (gap > 0) body.style.paddingRight = `${gap}px`;
+
+        /*
+         * aria-modal is a claim, not a mechanism. Portalled to the body, the
+         * app tree is a plain sibling of the dialog, so a screen reader's
+         * virtual cursor happily browses the page underneath — which is the
+         * exact thing the overlay exists to prevent. Hiding the siblings is
+         * what makes the claim true.
+         */
+        hidden = Array.from(body.children).filter(
+            (el): el is HTMLElement => el instanceof HTMLElement && !el.hasAttribute(PORTAL_ATTR),
+        );
+        for (const el of hidden) el.setAttribute("aria-hidden", "true");
+    }
+    lockCount++;
+}
+
+function unlockScroll() {
+    lockCount = Math.max(0, lockCount - 1);
+    if (lockCount === 0) {
+        document.body.style.overflow = lockedOverflow;
+        document.body.style.paddingRight = lockedPadding;
+        for (const el of hidden) el.removeAttribute("aria-hidden");
+        hidden = [];
+    }
+}
+
+const FOCUSABLE = [
+    "a[href]",
+    "button:not([disabled])",
+    "input:not([disabled]):not([type='hidden'])",
+    "select:not([disabled])",
+    "textarea:not([disabled])",
+    "[tabindex]:not([tabindex='-1'])",
+].join(",");
+
+function focusableIn(root: HTMLElement): HTMLElement[] {
+    return Array.from(root.querySelectorAll<HTMLElement>(FOCUSABLE)).filter(
+        (el) => el.offsetParent !== null || el === document.activeElement,
+    );
+}
 
 export function Modal({
-  open,
-  title,
-  onClose,
-  children,
-  wide,
+    open,
+    title,
+    onClose,
+    children,
+    wide,
 }: {
-  open: boolean;
-  title: string;
-  onClose: () => void;
-  children: React.ReactNode;
-  wide?: boolean;
+    open: boolean;
+    title: string;
+    onClose: () => void;
+    children: React.ReactNode;
+    wide?: boolean;
 }) {
-  useEffect(() => {
-    if (!open) return;
-    const onKey = (e: KeyboardEvent) => e.key === "Escape" && onClose();
-    window.addEventListener("keydown", onKey);
-    return () => window.removeEventListener("keydown", onKey);
-  }, [open, onClose]);
+    const panelRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
+    const bodyRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
+    const restoreRef = useRef<HTMLElement | null>(null);
+    const titleId = useId();
+    const idRef = useRef<symbol>(Symbol("modal"));
 
-  if (!open) return null;
+    /*
+     * onClose is an inline arrow at every call site, so its identity changes on
+     * each render of the parent — and a parent re-renders on every react-query
+     * poll and every mutation state flip. Holding it in a ref is what keeps the
+     * effect below keyed on `open` alone: depending on the handler tore the
+     * whole thing down and rebuilt it mid-interaction, which yanked focus out
+     * of whatever the user was typing in and back to the top of the dialog.
+     */
+    const closeRef = useRef(onClose);
+    closeRef.current = onClose;
 
-  return (
-    <div className="fixed inset-0 z-50 flex items-end justify-center p-0 sm:items-center sm:p-4">
-      <div className="absolute inset-0 bg-black/60" onClick={onClose} />
-      <div
-        className={`relative z-10 w-full ${wide ? "sm:max-w-2xl" : "sm:max-w-md"} max-h-[85dvh] overflow-auto rounded rounded-b-none border border-b-0 border-border bg-surface shadow-panel sm:rounded sm:border-b`}
-        role="dialog"
-        aria-modal="true"
-      >
-        <div className="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-border px-5 py-3">
-          <h2 className="text-sm font-bold text-text-primary">{title}</h2>
-          <button onClick={onClose} className="text-text-secondary hover:text-text-primary" aria-label="Close">
-            ✕
-          </button>
-        </div>
-        <div className="p-5">{children}</div>
-      </div>
-    </div>
-  );
+    // Portals need a DOM that exists, which it does not during SSR.
+    const [mounted, setMounted] = useState(false);
+    useEffect(() => setMounted(true), []);
+
+    useEffect(() => {
+        // `mounted` is a dependency, not just a guard: on the first client
+        // render it is false and the component returns null, so a Modal that
+        // mounts already open would run this against null refs and never take
+        // focus at all.
+        if (!open || !mounted) return;
+
+        const id = idRef.current;
+        stack.push(id);
+        restoreRef.current = document.activeElement as HTMLElement | null;
+        lockScroll();
+
+        const onKeyDown = (e: KeyboardEvent) => {
+            // Only the topmost dialog reacts.
+            if (stack[stack.length - 1] !== id) return;
+            const panel = panelRef.current;
+            if (!panel) return;
+
+            if (e.key === "Escape") {
+                e.stopPropagation();
+                closeRef.current();
+                return;
+            }
+            if (e.key !== "Tab") return;
+
+            const items = focusableIn(panel);
+            if (items.length === 0) {
+                e.preventDefault();
+                panel.focus();
+                return;
+            }
+
+            const first = items[0];
+            const last = items[items.length - 1];
+            const active = document.activeElement as HTMLElement | null;
+
+            // Focus can be outside the panel entirely — on <body> after a
+            // control unmounted, or on the page behind. Pull it back rather
+            // than letting Tab continue out into content the overlay covers.
+            if (!active || !panel.contains(active)) {
+                e.preventDefault();
+                (e.shiftKey ? last : first).focus();
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (e.shiftKey && (active === first || active === panel)) {
+                e.preventDefault();
+                last.focus();
+            } else if (!e.shiftKey && active === last) {
+                e.preventDefault();
+                first.focus();
+            }
+        };
+
+        document.addEventListener("keydown", onKeyDown, true);
+
+        /*
+         * Focus the first control in the body, not in the panel: the header
+         * comes first in DOM order, so querying the whole panel opens every
+         * dialog on its own dismiss button, which reads as "are you sure you
+         * want to be here".
+         */
+        const target = (bodyRef.current && focusableIn(bodyRef.current)[0]) ?? panelRef.current;
+        target?.focus();
+
+        return () => {
+            const at = stack.lastIndexOf(id);
+            if (at !== -1) stack.splice(at, 1);
+            document.removeEventListener("keydown", onKeyDown, true);
+            unlockScroll();
+            // Return focus to whatever opened the dialog, if it is still there.
+            if (restoreRef.current?.isConnected) restoreRef.current.focus();
+            restoreRef.current = null;
+        };
+    }, [open, mounted]);
+
+    if (!open || !mounted) return null;
+
+    /*
+     * Portalled to the body. A nested confirm would otherwise render inside its
+     * parent panel's overflow-auto box and be clipped by it, and a dialog is
+     * not part of the content it covers.
+     */
+    return createPortal(
+        <div {...{ [PORTAL_ATTR]: "" }} className="fixed inset-0 z-50 flex items-end justify-center p-0 sm:items-center sm:p-4">
+            <div className="absolute inset-0 bg-black/60" onClick={onClose} aria-hidden="true" />
+            <div
+                ref={panelRef}
+                tabIndex={-1}
+                className={`relative z-10 w-full ${wide ? "sm:max-w-2xl" : "sm:max-w-md"} max-h-[85dvh] overflow-auto rounded rounded-b-none border border-b-0 border-border bg-surface shadow-panel focus:outline-none sm:rounded sm:border-b`}
+                role="dialog"
+                aria-modal="true"
+                aria-labelledby={titleId}
+            >
+                <div className="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-border px-5 py-3">
+                    <h2 id={titleId} className="text-sm font-bold text-text-primary">
+                        {title}
+                    </h2>
+                    <button
+                        type="button"
+                        onClick={onClose}
+                        className="rounded p-1 text-text-secondary transition-colors hover:bg-surface-2 hover:text-text-primary"
+                        aria-label="Close dialog"
+                    >
+                        <svg className="h-4 w-4" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth={2} aria-hidden="true">
+                            <path strokeLinecap="round" d="M6 6l12 12M18 6L6 18" />
+                        </svg>
+                    </button>
+                </div>
+                <div ref={bodyRef} className="p-5">
+                    {children}
+                </div>
+            </div>
+        </div>,
+        document.body,
+    );
 }

web/components/ui/Pagination.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+"use client";
+
+import { useEffect, useMemo, useState } from "react";
+
+/*
+ * Client-side pagination.
+ *
+ * The fleet endpoints answer with the whole result set, and a few thousand rows
+ * rendered at once is what locks the tab up. Slicing in the browser is enough:
+ * the payload was never the problem, the DOM node count was. If a result set
+ * ever outgrows the response itself, this is the seam a server-side cursor
+ * would replace.
+ */
+
+export const PAGE_SIZES = [25, 50, 100, 200];
+
+export function usePagination<T>(items: T[], initialSize = 50) {
+    const [page, setPage] = useState(1);
+    const [size, setSize] = useState(initialSize);
+
+    const pageCount = Math.max(1, Math.ceil(items.length / size));
+
+    // A filter change shortens the list under a page that no longer exists;
+    // clamping here rather than in every caller keeps the empty state honest.
+    useEffect(() => {
+        if (page > pageCount) setPage(1);
+    }, [page, pageCount]);
+
+    const slice = useMemo(() => {
+        const start = (page - 1) * size;
+        return items.slice(start, start + size);
+    }, [items, page, size]);
+
+    return {
+        slice,
+        page,
+        size,
+        pageCount,
+        total: items.length,
+        setPage,
+        setSize: (n: number) => {
+            setSize(n);
+            setPage(1);
+        },
+        reset: () => setPage(1),
+    };
+}
+
+export function Pagination({
+    page,
+    pageCount,
+    size,
+    total,
+    onPage,
+    onSize,
+    unit = "rows",
+}: {
+    page: number;
+    pageCount: number;
+    size: number;
+    total: number;
+    onPage: (n: number) => void;
+    onSize: (n: number) => void;
+    unit?: string;
+}) {
+    if (total === 0) return null;
+
+    const first = (page - 1) * size + 1;
+    const last = Math.min(page * size, total);
+
+    return (
+        <div className="flex flex-col gap-3 border-t border-border px-4 py-3 text-sm text-text-secondary sm:flex-row sm:items-center sm:justify-between sm:px-6">
+            <span className="tabular-nums">
+                {first}–{last} of {total} {unit}
+            </span>
+
+            <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
+                <select
+                    aria-label="Rows per page"
+                    value={size}
+                    onChange={(e) => onSize(Number(e.target.value))}
+                    className="rounded border border-border bg-surface-2 px-2 py-1 text-sm text-text-primary focus:border-accent focus:outline-none"
+                >
+                    {PAGE_SIZES.map((n) => (
+                        <option key={n} value={n}>
+                            {n} / page
+                        </option>
+                    ))}
+                </select>
+
+                <button
+                    onClick={() => onPage(page - 1)}
+                    disabled={page <= 1}
+                    className="rounded border border-border px-2.5 py-1 text-text-secondary transition-colors hover:text-text-primary disabled:opacity-40 disabled:hover:text-text-secondary"
+                >
+                    Previous
+                </button>
+                <span className="tabular-nums">
+                    {page} / {pageCount}
+                </span>
+                <button
+                    onClick={() => onPage(page + 1)}
+                    disabled={page >= pageCount}
+                    className="rounded border border-border px-2.5 py-1 text-text-secondary transition-colors hover:text-text-primary disabled:opacity-40 disabled:hover:text-text-secondary"
+                >
+                    Next
+                </button>
+            </div>
+        </div>
+    );
+}

web/components/ui/Toast.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+"use client";
+
+import { createContext, useCallback, useContext, useEffect, useMemo, useRef, useState } from "react";
+import { createPortal } from "react-dom";
+import { clsx } from "clsx";
+import { friendlyMessage } from "./Async";
+import { DIALOG_LAYER_ATTR } from "./Modal";
+
+/*
+ * Mutations succeeded silently. Copying an install one-liner, generating a key,
+ * restarting a container, rotating the ESO token — all of them changed
+ * something and said nothing, so the only way to know it worked was to watch
+ * for the list to redraw. Failures were worse: each page wired its own
+ * `onError: setError` into its own inline div, so an error raised by a modal
+ * that then closed had nowhere to land at all.
+ *
+ * No dependency for this. It is a context, a list and a fixed div; sonner would
+ * be 12KB to render three lines of text in a palette we would then have to
+ * override anyway.
+ */
+
+type ToastKind = "success" | "error" | "info";
+
+interface Toast {
+    id: number;
+    kind: ToastKind;
+    message: string;
+}
+
+interface ToastApi {
+    success: (message: string) => void;
+    info: (message: string) => void;
+    /** Accepts a thrown value directly, so call sites do not each re-derive a message. */
+    error: (error: unknown) => void;
+}
+
+const ToastContext = createContext<ToastApi | null>(null);
+
+const DURATION: Record<ToastKind, number> = {
+    // An error stays four times as long as a confirmation: it is the one the
+    // reader has to act on, and it may be the only record of what failed.
+    success: 4000,
+    info: 5000,
+    error: 12000,
+};
+
+const KIND_CLASSES: Record<ToastKind, string> = {
+    success: "border-success/40 text-success",
+    error: "border-danger/40 text-danger",
+    info: "border-accent/40 text-accent",
+};
+
+const KIND_LABEL: Record<ToastKind, string> = {
+    success: "Success",
+    error: "Error",
+    info: "Note",
+};
+
+export function ToastProvider({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) {
+    const [toasts, setToasts] = useState<Toast[]>([]);
+    const nextId = useRef(1);
+    const timers = useRef(new Map<number, ReturnType<typeof setTimeout>>());
+
+    // Portals need a DOM, which SSR has not got.
+    const [mounted, setMounted] = useState(false);
+    useEffect(() => setMounted(true), []);
+
+    const dismiss = useCallback((id: number) => {
+        const timer = timers.current.get(id);
+        if (timer) {
+            clearTimeout(timer);
+            timers.current.delete(id);
+        }
+        setToasts((list) => list.filter((t) => t.id !== id));
+    }, []);
+
+    const push = useCallback(
+        (kind: ToastKind, message: string) => {
+            const id = nextId.current++;
+            // Cap the stack. A mutation looping on a failing endpoint would
+            // otherwise paper over the screen with the same sentence.
+            setToasts((list) => [...list.slice(-2), { id, kind, message }]);
+            timers.current.set(
+                id,
+                setTimeout(() => dismiss(id), DURATION[kind]),
+            );
+        },
+        [dismiss],
+    );
+
+    const api = useMemo<ToastApi>(
+        () => ({
+            success: (message) => push("success", message),
+            info: (message) => push("info", message),
+            error: (error) => push("error", friendlyMessage(error)),
+        }),
+        [push],
+    );
+
+    return (
+        <ToastContext.Provider value={api}>
+            {children}
+            {/*
+             * Portalled to the body and marked as dialog layer, so an open
+             * modal's aria-hidden sweep leaves it alone. Every modal-raised
+             * confirmation ("Saved …", "Deleted …", "Removed …") is toasted
+             * before the dialog closes, and inside the app tree all of them
+             * would land in a hidden subtree and go unannounced.
+             *
+             * Two regions, not one polite container holding role="alert"
+             * children: live-region politeness is taken from the nearest
+             * ancestor that declares it, so a single polite wrapper demotes the
+             * errors inside it. Errors interrupt because they mean the thing
+             * the operator asked for did not happen; a confirmation can wait
+             * for a pause in speech.
+             *
+             * z-index sits above the dialog layer: a toast reporting why a
+             * dialog's action failed is no use behind it.
+             */}
+            {mounted &&
+                createPortal(
+                    <div
+                        {...{ [DIALOG_LAYER_ATTR]: "" }}
+                        className="pointer-events-none fixed inset-x-0 bottom-0 z-[70] flex flex-col items-center gap-2 p-4 sm:items-end"
+                    >
+                        <ToastRegion toasts={toasts.filter((t) => t.kind !== "error")} politeness="polite" onDismiss={dismiss} />
+                        <ToastRegion toasts={toasts.filter((t) => t.kind === "error")} politeness="assertive" onDismiss={dismiss} />
+                    </div>,
+                    document.body,
+                )}
+        </ToastContext.Provider>
+    );
+}
+
+function ToastRegion({
+    toasts,
+    politeness,
+    onDismiss,
+}: {
+    toasts: Toast[];
+    politeness: "polite" | "assertive";
+    onDismiss: (id: number) => void;
+}) {
+    return (
+        <div className="flex w-full flex-col items-center gap-2 sm:items-end" aria-live={politeness} aria-atomic="false">
+            {toasts.map((t) => (
+                    <div
+                        key={t.id}
+                        role={t.kind === "error" ? "alert" : "status"}
+                        className={clsx(
+                            "pointer-events-auto flex w-full max-w-sm items-start gap-3 rounded border bg-surface px-4 py-3 text-sm shadow-panel",
+                            KIND_CLASSES[t.kind],
+                        )}
+                    >
+                        <span className="mt-1.5 h-1.5 w-1.5 shrink-0 rounded-full bg-current" aria-hidden="true" />
+                        <span className="min-w-0 flex-1 break-words text-text-primary">
+                            <span className="sr-only">{KIND_LABEL[t.kind]}: </span>
+                            {t.message}
+                        </span>
+                        <button
+                            type="button"
+                            onClick={() => onDismiss(t.id)}
+                            aria-label="Dismiss notification"
+                            className="shrink-0 rounded p-0.5 text-text-secondary transition-colors hover:text-text-primary"
+                        >
+                            <svg className="h-3.5 w-3.5" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth={2} aria-hidden="true">
+                                <path strokeLinecap="round" d="M6 6l12 12M18 6L6 18" />
+                            </svg>
+                        </button>
+                    </div>
+                ))}
+        </div>
+    );
+}
+
+export function useToast(): ToastApi {
+    const ctx = useContext(ToastContext);
+    if (!ctx) throw new Error("useToast must be used inside <ToastProvider>");
+    return ctx;
+}

web/components/ui/index.ts

@@ -3,3 +3,15 @@ export { Badge } from "./Badge";
 export { Card, CardHeader, CardTitle } from "./Card";
 export { Table, Thead, Tbody, Tr, Th, Td } from "./Table";
 export { Modal } from "./Modal";
+export { ConfirmDialog } from "./ConfirmDialog";
+export { Pagination, usePagination, PAGE_SIZES } from "./Pagination";
+export {
+    AsyncBoundary,
+    CenteredSpinner,
+    EmptyState,
+    ErrorState,
+    Spinner,
+    TableSkeleton,
+    friendlyMessage,
+} from "./Async";
+export { ToastProvider, useToast } from "./Toast";

web/components/workflows/EditStepModal.tsx

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 import { useState } from "react";
 import { useQueryClient } from "@tanstack/react-query";
 import { api, WorkflowStep, InputParam } from "@/lib/api";
-import { Button, Modal } from "@/components/ui";
+import { Button, ConfirmDialog, Modal, friendlyMessage, useToast } from "@/components/ui";
 
 const inputClass =
   "w-full rounded-lg border border-border bg-surface-2 px-3 py-2 text-sm text-text-primary placeholder-text-secondary/50 focus:border-signal focus:outline-none focus:ring-1 focus:ring-signal";
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ export function EditStepModal({ open, step, onClose }: { open: boolean; step: Wo
   const [inputs, setInputs] = useState<InputParam[]>(step?.declared_inputs ?? []);
   const [busy, setBusy] = useState(false);
   const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  const [confirmingDelete, setConfirmingDelete] = useState(false);
+  const toast = useToast();
 
   // Default steps are re-seeded from the image on every boot, so the server
   // refuses to update or delete them. The form mirrors that rather than
@@ -33,19 +35,22 @@ export function EditStepModal({ open, step, onClose }: { open: boolean; step: Wo
       if (step) await api.updateStep(step.step_id, payload);
       else await api.createStep(payload);
       qc.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: ["steps"] });
+      toast.success(step ? `Saved ${payload.name}.` : `Created ${payload.name}.`);
       onClose();
-    } catch (e) { setError((e as Error).message); } finally { setBusy(false); }
+    } catch (e) { setError(friendlyMessage(e)); } finally { setBusy(false); }
   };
 
   const del = async () => {
-    if (!step || !window.confirm("Delete this step? It will be removed from every workflow that uses it.")) return;
+    if (!step) return;
     setBusy(true); setError(null);
     try {
       await api.deleteStep(step.step_id);
       qc.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: ["steps"] });
       qc.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: ["workflow"] });
+      toast.success(`Deleted ${step.name}.`);
+      setConfirmingDelete(false);
       onClose();
-    } catch (e) { setError((e as Error).message); } finally { setBusy(false); }
+    } catch (e) { setError(friendlyMessage(e)); setConfirmingDelete(false); } finally { setBusy(false); }
   };
 
   return (
@@ -106,13 +111,34 @@ export function EditStepModal({ open, step, onClose }: { open: boolean; step: Wo
           )}
         </div>
         <div className="flex items-center justify-between pt-2">
-          {step && !locked ? <Button variant="danger" onClick={del} loading={busy}>Delete step</Button> : <span />}
+          {step && !locked ? <Button variant="danger" onClick={() => setConfirmingDelete(true)}>Delete step</Button> : <span />}
           <div className="flex gap-2">
             <Button variant="ghost" onClick={onClose}>{locked ? "Close" : "Cancel"}</Button>
             {!locked && <Button variant="primary" onClick={save} loading={busy} disabled={!name.trim()}>Save</Button>}
           </div>
         </div>
       </div>
+
+      <ConfirmDialog
+        open={confirmingDelete}
+        title="Delete base step"
+        confirmLabel="Delete step"
+        // A base step is shared: deleting it edits every workflow that uses it,
+        // which is not what "delete this one thing" usually implies.
+        requireTyped={step?.name}
+        loading={busy}
+        onClose={() => setConfirmingDelete(false)}
+        onConfirm={del}
+        body={
+          <>
+            <p>
+              <span className="font-mono text-text-primary">{step?.name}</span> is a shared library step. Deleting it removes it from every
+              workflow that references it.
+            </p>
+            <p>Runs already recorded keep their snapshot of the script and are not affected.</p>
+          </>
+        }
+      />
     </Modal>
   );
 }

web/components/workflows/EditWorkflowModal.tsx

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import { useState, useEffect } from "react";
 import { useRouter } from "next/navigation";
 import { useQuery } from "@tanstack/react-query";
 import { api, Workflow } from "@/lib/api";
-import { Button, Modal } from "@/components/ui";
+import { Button, ConfirmDialog, Modal, friendlyMessage, useToast } from "@/components/ui";
 import { ScheduleCard } from "./ScheduleCard";
 import { DualListBox } from "./DualListBox";
 
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ export function EditWorkflowModal({ open, workflow, onSaved, onClose }: { open:
     const [tagRows, setTagRows] = useState<[string, string][]>(Object.entries(workflow.target_tags ?? {}));
     const [busy, setBusy] = useState(false);
     const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+    const [confirmingDelete, setConfirmingDelete] = useState(false);
+    const toast = useToast();
     const { data: servers } = useQuery({ queryKey: ["servers"], queryFn: () => api.listServers() });
     const { data: knownTags } = useQuery({ queryKey: ["server-tags"], queryFn: () => api.listKnownTags(), staleTime: 60_000 });
 
@@ -42,23 +44,31 @@ export function EditWorkflowModal({ open, workflow, onSaved, onClose }: { open:
                 target_tags: Object.fromEntries(tagRows.filter(([k, v]) => k && v)),
             });
             onSaved(updated);
+            toast.success(`Saved ${updated.name}.`);
             onClose();
         } catch (e) {
-            setError((e as Error).message);
+            setError(friendlyMessage(e));
         } finally {
             setBusy(false);
         }
     };
 
     const del = async () => {
-        if (!window.confirm("Delete this workflow? This cannot be undone.")) return;
         setBusy(true);
         setError(null);
         try {
             await api.deleteWorkflow(workflow.workflow_id);
+            toast.success(`Deleted ${workflow.name}.`);
+            // Close both dialogs before navigating. Leaving them mounted takes
+            // their scroll lock and focus trap onto the workflows list and
+            // holds it there until the route change happens to unmount them.
+            setConfirmingDelete(false);
+            setBusy(false);
+            onClose();
             router.push("/workflows");
         } catch (e) {
-            setError((e as Error).message);
+            setError(friendlyMessage(e));
+            setConfirmingDelete(false);
             setBusy(false);
         }
     };
@@ -154,7 +164,7 @@ export function EditWorkflowModal({ open, workflow, onSaved, onClose }: { open:
                 <ScheduleCard workflow={workflow} />
 
                 <div className="flex items-center justify-between border-t border-border-soft pt-4">
-                    <Button variant="danger" onClick={del} loading={busy}>
+                    <Button variant="danger" onClick={() => setConfirmingDelete(true)}>
                         Delete workflow
                     </Button>
                     <div className="flex gap-2">
@@ -167,6 +177,25 @@ export function EditWorkflowModal({ open, workflow, onSaved, onClose }: { open:
                     </div>
                 </div>
             </div>
+
+            <ConfirmDialog
+                open={confirmingDelete}
+                title="Delete workflow"
+                confirmLabel="Delete workflow"
+                requireTyped={workflow.name}
+                loading={busy}
+                onClose={() => setConfirmingDelete(false)}
+                onConfirm={del}
+                body={
+                    <>
+                        <p>
+                            <span className="font-mono text-text-primary">{workflow.name}</span> and its schedule are removed. Its base steps stay
+                            in the library.
+                        </p>
+                        <p>Past runs and their logs are kept, but nothing new can be run from this workflow.</p>
+                    </>
+                }
+            />
         </Modal>
     );
 }

web/lib/api.ts

@@ -996,11 +996,14 @@ export interface VulnAlertRuleInput {
 }
 
 export const vulnerabilities = {
-    list(params?: { severity?: string; state?: string; server?: string; tags?: Record<string, string> }): Promise<VulnGroup[]> {
+    list(params?: { severity?: string; state?: string; server?: string; hasFix?: boolean; tags?: Record<string, string> }): Promise<VulnGroup[]> {
         const q = new URLSearchParams();
         if (params?.severity) q.set("severity", params.severity);
         if (params?.state) q.set("state", params.state);
         if (params?.server) q.set("server", params.server);
+        // Explicitly undefined-checked: `false` is a real selection here (the
+        // unfixable set), so a truthiness test would silently drop it.
+        if (params?.hasFix !== undefined) q.set("has_fix", String(params.hasFix));
         for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(params?.tags ?? {})) q.append("tag", `${k}:${v}`);
         const qs = q.toString();
         return request<VulnGroup[]>(`/vulnerabilities${qs ? `?${qs}` : ""}`);

web/lib/query-client.ts

@@ -7,6 +7,13 @@ export const queryClient = new QueryClient({
     queries: {
       staleTime: 30_000,
       retry: 1,
+      // Several pages poll on an interval — the fleet list every 30s, run logs
+      // faster than that. A hidden tab was still doing all of it, so a console
+      // left open overnight in a background tab kept refetching the fleet and
+      // its inventory blobs until the session expired. The default here rather
+      // than per page, because the argument is the same everywhere and the
+      // pages that poll are exactly the ones nobody remembers to check.
+      refetchIntervalInBackground: false,
     },
   },
 });